About Steroids :: essays research papers

Numerous individuals have had their lives demolished by the utilization of illicit steroids, yet the ideal impacts are overpowering to such an extent that individuals will in general disregard the outcomes. Steroid clients think taking anabolic steroids will upgrade their execution, quality, size,etc. They view the utilization of them as authentic as any other part of preparing.      To start with, the term "anabolic " implies "to manufacture tissue," in this way anabolic steroids will in general increment productive metabolic pathways inside the body. Likewise, anabolic steroids are manufactured subordinates of the regular male sex hormone, testosterone.      Testosterone was the main steroid created, a characteristic occuring hormone in numerous plants and creatures. The primary clinical utilization of testosterone occured in 1958 at the point when doctors infused it into underweight and sick patients to simualte weight gain. The primary detailed utilization of steroids in a non-clinical setting occured during World War II. Steroids were adminstered by Nazi specialists into German fighters to improve their forcefulness. The Soviet Union noticed the Nazis' utilization of the medication also, perceived that improved forcefulness, expanding in quality, and size could be alluring in athletic rivalry. The Soviets tried different things with steroids in the mid 1950's and it is accepted that they were utilized in the 1952 Olympic games.      The presentation of steroids into the United States is frequently credited to the late Dr. John Ziegler, the group doctor for the United States weightlifting crew at the last Vienna World Power lifting titles. A Soviet doctor told Ziegler that a portion of the individuals fo the Soviet group were utilizing testosterone as an help to improve their quality. Ziegler was dazzled with the outcomes and started leading a few examinations on American lifters. The outcomes were the turn of events what's more, presentation of the steroid Dianobol, an anabolic steroid with less masculinizing properties than testosterone. Dianobol turned out to be notable in the athletic world. By the 1956 Melbourne Olympic games, steroid use had heightened to the point that numerous Olympic competetors in the quality occasions were either utilizing them or knew about their exhibition ehancing abilties.      Anabolic steroids are largely subsidiaries of the male sex hormone testosterone. With the utilization of steroids an individual will get two kinds of impacts from the utilization. The first is the androgenic impacts or masculinizing. These are the undesirable impacts, for example, the expanding of the prostate, development of male sex organs, extending of the voice, and expanded facial hair(other steroids were created in an endeavor

Introduction to botany

Scientific categorization and Linnaean characterization The taxonomical grouping of grasses is indicated below;Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Introduction to organic science explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kingdom; †Plantae Phylum; †Magnoliophyta (angiosperms/blooming plants) Class; †Liliopsida (monocotyledonous plants) Order; †Poales (Graminoid request) Family; †Poaceae (grass family) Genus; †PoaAdvertising Looking for exposition on science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Species; †Various species Introduction, Physical Description and Geographical Range Grasses can be portrayed as herbivorous plants which have slender leaves developing from the plant base. They are prevailing vegetation in numerous spots, for example, woodlands, meadows and in muggy areas. Grasses are found in pretty much every earthly habitant and some have been altered to suit keeps an eye on needs. The grass species surpass 9000 creation them one of the biggest organic families on the planet. Plant portrayal The grass plant is included tillers/shoots that develop from the bud at the plant base. The tiller is involved leaf, stem hub and the stem internodes. These units routinely rehash themselves. The leaves are appended to the stem at the internodes. The stems are empty and are refereed to as culms. The leaves develop at one plane (distichous) and are equal veined. The leaves have two sections; the lower sheath where it embrace on the stem and a cutting edge which has sharp edges to forestall touching. The blossoms are generally organized as spikelets. These spikelets have at least one florets. At the early development phases of the plant, the hubs separation (internodes) is little and the stem stays at the base of the plant. As the advancement advances, the tiller stops to create leaves and structures a youthful seed head. At the point when this occurs , the tiller does not develop anymore and cutting it off or eating doesn't influence the leaf development of the grass. At this stage, the upper internodes extend, new tillers rise while the seed head increments long. Figure 1: the various pieces of a grass plant [source: Banhart, 1 ] Reproductive Habits and Life Cycle There are three primary improvement phases of grasses, these are;Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Introduction to organic science explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vegetative development Leaves: At a beginning time, the leaves structure at the stem close to the ground. The leaves create chlorophyll and photosynthesis happens quick with the goal that they catch sun powered vitality to empower the development of starches. The overabundance sugars are put away in the roots and the plant crown. Regularly, the leaves created during spring kick the bucket and the starches put away at the crown help in new leaf advancement during summer (Chapman 73). Roots: The essential root advancements happen during the underlying development stages and it takes care of the underlying leaves. These roots keep going for half a month and bite the dust. Auxiliary roots create simultaneously with tillers. This development is bolstered by the starches created by the leaves. The auxiliary root goes on for one year and help in mooring the plant. Different sorts of root that create are the hair establishes that guide in food ingestion. Leguminous grasses produce a broad root framework underneath the dirt included stolons and rhizomes. Prolongation At the extension stage, the stem of the grass extends, at this stage just the upper internodes increment long. Conceptive Growth At the regenerative stage, the seed head creates. This happens following one year of vegetative development and is constrained by the plant hormones that animate the regenerative meristems to begin developing. During this stage, the conceptive parts lengthen and str ucture the crown. The crown produces blossoms through which fertilization happens and seeds are shaped (Barnhart 3). Biology The grasses possess the field biomes. They spread about 31% of the all out earth planet. There are arranged at the most minimal degree of the natural way of life as they structure the nourishment for some eating creatures, for example, cows, goats, elephants, deer’s among others. Grasses are compelling colonizers of any cleared land when contrasted with trees since they don’t have woody stems that are stomped on by creatures. Plants have adjustments that forestall over the top brushing, their leaves have sharp edges that cut the slow eaters and these forestall touching. A few gases have solidified leaves. In any case, Grazing at the later phases of grass advancement evacuates the old undesirable stems and it is helpful in the re-development of the grass (Cheplick 125). Human Impacts, Importance and Management Grasses have various financial signif icances both to people and creatures. They are nourishments to herbivores that are later eaten by the carnivores and subsequently along with different plants, they continue the whole evolved way of life. They likewise structure nourishment for local munching creatures, for example, dairy cattle, goats and sheep which become human food sources. Grasses are additionally broadly utilized by people for beautification, in gardens and in present day football, cricket and golf fields.Advertising Searching for paper on science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Grasses likewise influence agribusiness, ranchers should clear grasses during weeding and this expands their cultivating costs. Individuals impactsly affect the grasses. Progressive infringement of the meadow has diminished its spread. Practices, for example, consuming grass, unmanaged eating, clearing land for farming, utilizing land for building and development have affected adversely on this species. With the constant changes in atmosphere and changes in climate designs, it is normal that the grass populace will keep on diminishing. Unforeseen climate conditions, for example, long dry seasons and short downpour result to the grasses biting the dust up. Works Cited Barnhart, Stephen. How field plants develop. PDF document. 22 April. 2012. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1791.pdf Chapman, Geoffrey. The Biology of Grasses, first ed, Wallingford, Oxfordshire: CABI publishers,1996. Print Cheplick, G. Populace Biology of Grasses, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 19 98.Print. This exposition on Introduction to natural science was composed and presented by client Grievous to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Silas Marner Essay Topics Provides Meaningful Ideas For Your Writing

Silas Marner Essay Topics Provides Meaningful Ideas For Your WritingThe Silas Marner essay topics are written in a beautiful and playful fashion. The themes of this project will have a large impact on the reading experience of each person. You will also enjoy this project because it is relatively easy to understand and write at first.Silas Marner has been popular throughout history, especially in Scotland, where he was famous for his role as a hockey player and for his roles in other sports, such as rugby and soccer. He is also well known for his sweet talking abilities. In addition to writing essays, Silas has also written novels and short stories.Silas Marner is well-known in Britain and around the world for being an adventurer, as well as a successful writer. Silas Marner essay topics contain many keywords, which is a good indicator of someone who is adept at words. The themes of the essay range from love, to friendship, and this is quite different from the typical essay topics th at you would find in your usual course.As a teacher, you should always look at a student's writing skills. When a student is not able to deliver the project in the way that you expected, it may be a sign that there is something wrong with their writing. A student that is consistently wrong on the topic area will definitely not be providing the quality of service that you expect and that they have trained you to expect.Silas Marner has done research about a topic that you are writing about. When Silas Marner has provided the essay topics, he has done extensive research to find out about the topic and how people experienced that topic in the past. The themes of these essays will likely focus on historical events, such as battles, building projects, and the role of education in different countries.One of the challenges that you will face when using Silas Marner essay topics is to write the essay from a unique point of view. There are many topics that you may have heard of but have neve r had the opportunity to discuss them with others. In order to give the best possible essay, you need to provide interesting insight and opinions about the topic.The question that you should be asking yourself is: Why am I interested in this topic? There may be a reason why you are fascinated by a certain topic, but if you cannot demonstrate that, then you should eliminate the topic. When you consider why you are interested in the topic and you can provide compelling examples of a reason to be interested in a particular topic, then you have found a theme to create an essay about.With Silas Marner essay topics, you will quickly find that a theme is not always present. For example, when writing about the Lord's Prayer, a writer may choose to create a story instead of a theme. If you can provide an example or two about the topic and a personal reason why the topic is relevant to you, then you will be able to create an amazing theme that will definitely attract readers.

`` How And Deal With Moral Tales Constructions And...

Ulrike Zartler’s article â€Å"How and Deal with Moral Tales: Constructions and Strategies of Single- Parents Families† published in the June 2014 edition of Journal of Marriage and Family†. It explored social structure and attitude toward single-parent families and how these families adapt to such beliefs. Within this study they explored the concepts of social structure, and the breaking of social norms within an ideal family. Also, this study could be hinder with the perspective of the research participates being families with ten year old children who they also surveyed, this allows the study to be too narrow in the research of families with younger or older children. This allows an argument to form, does the research proposed for a valid perspective of an inter population of single, divorced families, or does it ultimate the possible understanding of the research given with a biased survey. Over the decades, children growing up in single parent, divorce families, within this view individuals within these families are alternating the social structure within society. Social structure is define as â€Å"the internal institutionalized relationships built up by persons living within a group (such as a family or community) especially with regard to the hierarchical organization of status and to the rules and principles regulating behavior†(Definition of Social Structure). As shown in the article, social structure is affected in single, divorced families, in the relations between theShow MoreRelatedWatching Tv Makes You Smarter -Steven Johnson Essay4824 Words   |  20 Pagesjuvenile sitcoms -- turn out to be nutritional after all. I believe that the Sleeper Curve is the single most important new force altering the mental development of young people today, and I believe it is largely a force for good: enhancing our cognitive faculties, not dumbing them down. And yet you almost never hear this story in popular accounts of todays media. Instead, you hear dire tales of addiction, violence, mindless escapism. Its assumed that shows that promote smoking or gratuitousRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 PagesMonday, 26 October 2009 Preface This dissertation titled ART AS A RENDEZVOUS OF MYTH AND MIND: A PSYCHOANALYTIC AND MYTHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF O V VIJAYAN’S THE LEGENDS OF KHASAK explores how the judicious selection and use of literary theory can account for the universal appeal of The Legends of Khasak, a belated self translated rendering of a famous regional work in Malayalam, Khasakkinte Ithihasam authored by the eminent writer O V Vijayan, and thus assert its artistic value. Divided into fourRead MoreUnderstand Child and Young Person Development7997 Words   |  32 Pageslearns to jump and may learn to somersault * Learns to pedal a tricycle * Can undress self; tries to dress but needs help, especially with socks and fastenings * Has increased control of crayons and paintbrush; tries to use scissors * Enjoys construction activities and can build more complex structures | 3 – 5 YEARS | * Usually clean and dry but may have the occasional accident * Able to run well and stop * Competent at gross motor skills such as jumping, riding a tricycle, climbing andRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesslowed down as the brain and nerve impulse transmission is affected. * Kidney increases excretion of water. * Speech becomes slurred. HOW CAN YOU TELL IF SOMEONE IS AN ALCOHOLIC? You may be able to tell if someone is an alcoholic by observing violent behaviour, criminal activities performed by individuals, car accidents, depression, illness, unhappy family life, poor work habits and absenteeism from work. Surveys have shown that deaths from bronchitis and emphysema are twenty times more commonRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesper, sonal and professional advancement via an MBA that will prepare you for leadership challenges in any business field. You are aware, however, that Harvard Business School receives about ten thousand applications annually, and you are uncertain how to make your ap.... plication stand out. We understand. We have been in your shoes. This book seeks to demystifythe admissions process for applicants by providing a selective but robust sample of HBS essaysthat have sue, cessfullysurvived the admissionsRead MoreEssay Developmental Psychology and Children43507 Words   |  175 Pagespractitioners on meeting the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) framework. It aims to provide useful advice and detailed information on supporting children’s learning and development an d welfare. The guidance looks in more detail at how to implement the learning and development requirements and the welfare requirements in the Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage document. There is also guidance on children’s development, what to look out for, effective practiceRead MorePlay Macbeth11979 Words   |  48 Pageshis manhood. His ruthlessness in killing Banquo and Macduffs family shows how perverted his idea of manliness really is. Macbeths degeneration is also seen in the collapse of his marital relationship. They are loving and have a mutual respect for one another at first. Lady Macbeth becomes more and more unimportant to her husband after killing Duncan, however. He leaves her out of the plan to kill Banquo, Fleance, and Macduffs family. Macbeth allows the witches to take the place of his wife byRead MorePlay Macbeth11985 Words   |  48 Pageshis manhood. His ruthlessness in killing Banquo and Macduffs family shows how perverted his idea of manliness really is. Macbeths degeneration is also seen in the collapse of his marital relationship. They are loving and have a mutual respect for one another at first. Lady Macbeth becomes more and more unimportant to her husband after killing Duncan, however. He leaves her out of the plan to kill Banquo, Fleance, and Macduffs family. Macbeth allows the witches to take the place of his wife byRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesWorld War I TOPIC ONE – USA 1919-1941 USA 1920’S * the radio age * felt like istory had turned a corner and never going back * stock market * black Thursday November 24 1929 * the jazz age * a speakeasyyyyyyy How significant were the Republican policies in causing the great depression? The significance of the republic policies were great, they brought a lot of growth in the 20’s allowing the market to strive over lots of trading and the purchase of shares,Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesInstructor’s Manual Exploring Strategy Ninth edition Gerry Johnson Richard Whittington Kevan Scholes Steve Pyle For further instructor material please visit: www.pearsoned.co.uk/mystrategylab ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies

Ethics Essay - 1026 Words

Many people face ethical dilemmas everyday where they might have to choose between their personal beliefs, or to strictly obey laws and rules. However not all can make the correct decisions because such dilemmas are difficult to answer and one may differ from another in moral stance. Applying my own moral principles to solve the dilemma, I believe that a postconventional approach must be taken if I were the CFO. Although I have a legal responsibility as Chief Financial Officer to keep valuable investment information confidential until the company releases such information to the public, the financial situation of the company demands that a law must be disregarded in order to save this firm that provides many people a source of income and†¦show more content†¦A person who pioneered the research in ethical reasoning research was Lawrence Kohlberg, a psychologist who â€Å"sought to describe moral reasoning, the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong† (Myers 168). Kohlberg formulated three basic levels of ethical thinking: the preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels. From his research, Kohlberg found that the lowest level of the â€Å"moral ladder† is the preconventional perspective where an individual chooses to make a decision to merely avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards. In addition, Kohlberg discovers that such egocentric moral thinking is mostly found in, but not limited to, children before the age of 9, meaning that most children and some adults behave and think in a way that only benefits one’s self by acting to prevent undesirable punishment or garner concrete and/or abstract reinforcement for their actions, such as money and attention. Furthermore the following stage in Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral ladder is the conventional way of thinking where one upholds laws and rules simply because they are laws and rules. Kohlberg found his way of thinking mostly in young adolescents but is definitely not limited to them because numerous grown individuals can be found with this type of ethical reasoning as arguably ideal for society, but definitely desired by governments. Moreover, the last â€Å"rung† in the ladder that KohlbergShow MoreRelatedEthics Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesName: Dinesh Jagwani Batch: BAFD2 1321A Module: Ethics in Business Studies Course: B.S.C. (Hons) in Accounting and Finance Lecturer: Mr. Daniel Chew UOB No: 12035285 Topic: Producing toys- Child’s Play? Producing Toy’s – Child’s Play? Deontological ethics are concerned with what people do and not with the consequences of their actions. 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Whole Foods Markets Business And Society - 3257 Words

BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY Whole Foods Markets Business and Society Mohammed Abujabal, Audrey Bingaman, Michael Fassl, Alyssa Marshall, Sarah McCaw, Courtney Reiley April 20, 2015 Company History The origin of Whole Foods Market began as a small natural food store under the name Safer Way Natural Foods in Austin, Texas, in 1980. As interest in the natural food movement quickly grew, Safer Way soon merged with another local natural grocer. This union was called Whole Foods Market (â€Å"Newsroom,† 2015). Though the company started with a mere 19 employees, attraction to this new idea grew rapidly, and it was not long before the company began to build a chain of stores through several acquisitions. Due to the increased interest in natural foods nationwide and very low competition at the time, Whole Foods Market began acquiring food stores all over the nation throughout the 1990s. By 2004, the company had expanded internationally to Canada and the UK â€Å"Newsroom,† 2015). Today the company has 414 stores in the US, Canada, and United Kingdom, and approximately 88,000 team members (â€Å"Newsroom,† 2015). Brand Development and Company Growth Product Development. Though Whole Foods Market began as a company dedicated to solely providing natural foods free of preservatives and other harmful agents, this came at a cost. Shopping at Whole Foods on a continual basis quickly got very expensive for most. With this in mind, Whole Foods decided to launch their own moreShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1401 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Overview of the company: Whole Foods Market is a chain of organic, natural supermarkets found in USA, Canada and the UK. Initially founded in Austin, Texas in 1980, at a time when there were less than half a dozen natural supermarkets, the company saw rapid growth domestically through expanding across Texas and then into the West Coast of America. This was achieved through growth from the ground up and acquiring smaller natural food companies. Whole Foods Market in the present day is the resultRead MoreMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction / History / Company Background Whole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas, which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles. These four business people decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format. The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (WFM MorningstarRead MoreWhole Foods Market : Company Background And History1676 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Background / History Whole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas, which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles where they decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV. Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (WFM Morningstar, 2015). The industryRead MoreWhole Foods Mission Statement Essays1332 Words   |  6 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Everybody that is in business is there to make a profit (some firms are just tax shelters) and there are only so many products and services available. What sets the competition apart is how they execute their business practices. This is where a mission statement becomes the â€Å"blueprint† for doing business. â€Å"The mission statement needs to be longer than a phrase or sentence, but not a 2-page document† (David, 2003). This document not only points the managers in the right directionRead MoreWhole Foods Market, 2005: Will There Be Enough Organic Food to Satisfy the Growing Demand?1485 Words   |  6 PagesCase 11 Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there be enough organic food to satisfy the growing demand? Summary Whole food market is the world’s leading retailer of natural and organic food industry. A firm believer in the virtuous circle entwining food chain, human being and mother earth, they conduct their business true and consistent to their business mission and vision by producing the highest quality of products for its customers and high profits for its investors. Being a philanthropist andRead MoreWhole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy1045 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? The chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing are providing foods labeled natural and organic. Whole Foods executes that by offers the highest quality, least processed, most flavorful naturally preserved and fresh foods available. 2. Is Whole Foods’ strategy well matched to market conditions in the food retailing industryRead MoreWhole Foods Market Analysis Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesWhole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles. These four business people decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV. Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (Morningstar). The industry sector the company is listedRead MoreEssay on Whole Foods Markets Tipping Point1223 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity’s cohesion can lead to epidemic. Gladwell, intelligently, collects the secret keys to successful business. Through adequately use in three crucial concepts, Whole Foods Market has successfully tipped by building dreamerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s visions, capturing customer’s attention, and investing firm’s long-term future. The organic food market tipped during the early 1980s, before Whole Foods Market ever existed. However, the organic farming concept occurred in England 40 years before it tipped in the UnitedRead MoreThe Product Distribution Ideal For Whole Foods Market1701 Words   |  7 Pages Win-Win-Win Distribution The product distribution ideal for Whole Foods Market in Namibia will be two. First, the win-win-win distribution will be used when the company is entering the new country for the first place. This distribution channel aims at having all distributors in the supply chain to benefit from the products being distributed. Even though American companies always aim at reducing the links in the supply chain, this happens in the developed countries while this company is openingRead MoreWhole Foods : The Biggest Organic Food Market1723 Words   |  7 PagesWhole foods is the U.S’s biggest organic food market which has seen unsurmountable success because of its unique organizational setup and its cutting edge business model. Whole foods unique leadership structure and management style of its CEO, John Mackey, are large contributors to its success; along with the business core values. One would wonder, if such a radical culture can me maintained throughout the long run and if it’ s so successful, why it wouldn’t work in my organization. Has Whole foods

Germination of Wheat and Sorghum-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write a Scientific report on Crop Germination of Sorghum and Wheat Crops. Answer: Introduction Seed germination is a key factor that contributes to the production of the crop. Of all the abiotic factors, the temperature is crucial for sorghum and wheat germination since it affects water absorption plus other substrates vital for the growth and development (Chen et al., 2012). Temperature is a modifying substrate in germination since it influences absorption of water through the root hairs and other factors which are necessary for growth and development. Ideally, the optimum temperature provides good aptitude for germination while extreme temperatures delay the rate of germination. According to Essemine et al., (2007) extreme temperatures leads to loss of chlorophyll, damage of the photosynthetic membrane, increased embryo absorption, decreased leaf photosynthetic rate and reduced grain number. In simple terms, low and high temperatures can affect germination of the seed up to its maturity. Hence, this report explores an experiment that was done to investigate the influence of different temperatures on the germination of sorghum and wheat. Method An experiment was done to determine the traits of germination for wheat and sorghum under different temperatures ranging from 5to 400C, and the length of their root hairs measured. The treatments were put in different Petri dishes containing soil for each temperature for the wheat and sorghum seeds and moistened whenever necessary. After germination, the seedlings were uprooted and the root hair measured at different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 400C) and the results recorded. The data was analyzed and standard deviation for each case computed Results and Discussion Seed germination is an essential characteristic for both wheat and sorghum which may give an advantage for the crop establishment (Jain et al., 2007). In the experiment, the temperature was an essential factor influencing the rate of germination alongside the length of root hair. In wheat, the highest germination percentage (97.63%) was recorded at a temperature of 200 C and root hair length of 11.31mm. On the other case, sorghum recorded the highest germination percentage (56.32%) at 250C and root hair length of 11.62mm. The results also showed that the lowest percentage of germination was 0.28% and 31.05% at 400C for wheat and sorghum respectively. Throughout the experiment, no specific trend either decreasing or increasing was witnessed for sorghum or wheat. However, it can be noted that the seedlings reached an optimum temperature of 200 C for wheat and 250 C for sorghum and then the percentage of germinated started to decline. The findings in this experiment are in agreeable wit h Chen et al., (2012) that the ideal temperature for wheat germination ranges between 20 and 250 C. It can also be noted that no germination occurred at a temperature of 50 C for wheat and 5 to100 C for sorghum as shown in the table below. Temp (0 C) Root hair length % germination S.D n Wheat 5 10 4.81 78.95 12.06 19 15 10.85 94.74 4.85 19 20 11.31 97.63 3.06 19 25 6.22 63.33 27.76 18 30 4.25 30.83 28.09 18 35 6.02 8.42 16.5 19 40 2.0 0.28 1.15 19 Sorghum 5 10 15 3.82 36.84 22.99 19 20 6.49 52.22 22.83 18 25 11.06 56.32 16.57 19 30 9.01 51.94 15.92 18 35 8.22 53.68 21.78 19 40 4.13 31.05 19.26 19 From the table above, rise in temperature increased the root hair length of the seedlings. The maximum root hair length for wheat was 11.31mm at 200 C and sorghum 11.06mm at 250 C. In this experiment, wheat and sorghum varied significantly for germination as well as related traits. According to Prasad et al., (2008), thermal stress impacts both physiology as well as morphology of the roots which could affect the movement of water in a plant. Also, roots are vital sinks for assimilation in sorghum and wheat. Although remobilization of assimilates happens after photosynthesis, assimilates from the root hairs might supplement the main sources from the stem and leaves (Larkindale et al., 2005). This experiment showed a positive correlation between germination and its related traits. The optimum temperature for the germination of wheat was 20 degrees and 25 degrees for sorghum. Any temperature above the optimum denatures the enzymes hence inhibiting the growth of root hairs which is directly proportional to the germination percentage rate that is, the longer the root hair, the faster the rate of absorption of moisture hence the greater the percentage of germination (Tefera and Vidal, 2009). Conclusion Although many factors determine the rate of germination, the temperature is a fundamental substrate that greatly influences germination. It should be noted that high temperatures denature the enzymes in the root hair hence lower the rate of germination. However, there are optimal temperatures that ensure maximum growth of the root hair hence high germination percentage, so from the experiment above, the optimum temperature for wheat was 20 degrees while sorghum was 25 degrees Celsius. All in all, it can be concluded that the longer the length of root hair is, with optimum temperature, the higher the germination percentage References Buriro, M., Oad, F. C., Keerio, M. I., Tunio, S., Gandahi, A. W., Hassan, S. W. U., Oad, S. M. (2011). Wheat seed germination under the influence of temperature regimes. Sarhad J. Agric, 27(4), 539-543. Chen, L., Song, Y., Li, S., Zhang, L., Zou, C., Yu, D. (2012). The role of WRKY transcription factors in plant abiotic stresses. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Regulatory Mechanisms, 1819(2), 120-128. Essemine, J., Ammar, S., Jbir, N., Bouzid, S. (2007). Sensitivity of Two Wheat Speciess Seeds (Triticum durum, Variety Karim and Triticum aestivum, Variety Salambo) to Heat Constraint During Germination. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(21), 3762-3768. Jain, M., Prasad, P. V., Boote, K. J., Hartwell, A. L., Chourey, P. S. (2007). Effects of season-long high temperature growth conditions on sugar-to-starch metabolism in developing microspores of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Planta, 227(1), 67-79. Larkindale, J., Mishkind, M., Vierling, E. (2005). Plant responses to high temperature. Plant Abiotic Stress, 100-144. Prasad, P. V., Pisipati, S. R., Mutava, R. N., Tuinstra, M. R. (2008). Sensitivity of grain sorghum to high temperature stress during reproductive development. Crop Science, 48(5), 1911-1917. Prasad, P. V., Boote, K. J., Allen, L. H. (2006). Adverse high temperature effects on pollen viability, seed-set, seed yield and harvest index of grain-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are more severe at elevated carbon dioxide due to higher tissue temperatures. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 139(3), 237-251. Tefera, T., Vidal, S. (2009). Effect of inoculation method and plant growth medium on endophytic colonization of sorghum by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. BioControl, 54(5), 663-669.

The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll free essay sample

Topping the charts in 63 with Love Me Do, and bringing in the highest rated viewing in history while reforming on the De Sullivan Show, the Beetles are definitely a band that broke the sound barrier of rock and roll. They used unique sounds in their music and werent afraid of experimenting in the studio, they even welcomed accidental occurrences and toyed around to get the sound they were looking for. Artificial double tracking was invented during the recording of their album Revolver and also a new technique on mining strings.They paved the way for other British Bands in America and even had full-blown imitators, like the Monkeys, that copied everything from their look, to the spelling error in heir name, and their campaign. They also helped create a whole new genre of music called folk rock. Their influence is still seen in todays musicians, such as the band Oasis, who compare their music constantly to the Beetles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The impact of the Beetles not only on rock and roll but on Western culture ? is simply incalculable.As musicians, they proved that rock and roll could embrace a limitless variety of harmonies, structures and sounds; virtually every rock experiment has some precedent on Beetles records. Said by the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll, could not be any more wrong. The Beetles had a huge impact on not just rock and roll, but music as a whole, as well as influencing the technology used to record their music. They werent afraid of experimenting and instead of producing music they produced art. Their influence is seen all over the world, but no one has come close to the fame that was Battlement.The Beetles originated from Liverpool, England and consists Of Paul McCarty, John Lennox, George Harrison, and Ring Starr. They first started playing shows in Hamburg, Germany as a skiffs band in 1960. In 1962 they released their first single Love Me Do, which reached the number one spot n U. S. Charts in May of 63. Their first appearance on the De Sullivan Show in February of 64 brought in over 73 million viewers, the most in U. S. History. By April 1 964, they held the first five places in the Billboard Hot 100.The Beetles were one of the biggest influences on music during the ass and ass. Their music, to this day, remains more widely known than any other music of the rock era. They have brought new sounds and ideas in their music and revolutionized the idea of rock and roll. Their work was always invested with originality, using unique sounds in their music, which is most aromatically seen in SST. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. They used many studio effects on this album, including reverberation, echoes, and reverse tape effects.They experimented with sounds that no other bands used, and had great success with it. They created their own material, breaking the Tin pan monopoly of song writing, setting in motion revolutionary changes in the music publishing industry. They wrote songs for fellow artists and even encouraged the Rolling Stones to write their own music. The Beetles Were the first group to use the recording studio as a writing LOL, building up complex song arrangements by multi-tracking and importing orchestral textures and avian-GA red effects under the guidance of producer George Martin (Salesman). In SST.Poems Lonely Hearts Club Band, instead of using traditional breaks in between songs, one tracked merged into the next, which were linked by studio talk, laughter, electronic noises, and animal sounds. They also used audio tricks involving steam organs, orchestras, sitars, and even a pack foxhounds in full cry at the end of Good Morning Good Morning. The use of animal sounds were actually first used in the Beach Boys album Pet Sounds that the Beetles admired. When asked the Beach Boys where they got their innovation for Pet Sounds, the Beetles Rubber Soul album was what inspired them. A Day In The Life, the last song on the album, featured what Lennox described as a sound building up from nothing to the end of the world (Lazarus) . The song Strawberry Fields Forever fused two different versions of the same song and used reverse-tape cellos for an eerie effect. After George Harrison used sitar on the song Norwegian Wood, other bands like the Birds, Yardarms, and the Rolling Stones, soon followed incorporating Eastern-influence sounds into their work. Paul McCarty once said, Me would say, Try it! Just try it for us. If it sounds crappy, K, v?al lose it.But it might just sound good. We were always pushing ahead: Louder, further, longer, more different (All About Jazz). The Beetles had complete access to Abbey Road studios free of charge, spending hours upon hours experimenting and writing music. They used the studio as an instrument in itself. They were the first band to push musical and technological boundaries. They took advantage of accidental occurrences in he recording process. You can see this in I Feel Fine where there is feedback and also in Long, Long, Long where there is a resonating glass bottle.They also deliberately toyed with situations and techniques that would further chance effects. An example of this is in I am the Walrus, where they used a live mixing of a UK radio broadcast into the fade of the song, and also the chaotic assemblage of Tomorrow Never Knows. Ken Townsend invented artificial double tracking (DAD) during the recording of Revolver because Lennox didnt like singing a song twice. DAD is still widely seed for instruments and voices; however, it is now mostly known as automatic double tracking.Other influences the Beetles had on technology were the use of close mining the strings by engineer Geoff Emeriti when recording. In 1966 that was a radically new way of mining strings, and now it is common practice. The Beetles were also the firsts to use direct injection to record Encasements bass on SST. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. This is done by connecting the bass to the recording console via an impedance matching Del box. The Beetles paved the way for other British bands in America. The Beetles ere the first British group to break into America and since the Beetles were able to have fame in the US, they gave other British bands the possibility Of making it in America. Such bands were Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakota, and the Searchers, who were all also managed by Brian Epstein. Other British bands that followed the Beetles were the Rolling Stones, the Who, and the Yardarms. The Rolling Stones had a raunchier dirty bad boy look, different then the clean-cut look of the Beetles. As the sass began, you can see the Beetles influence in artists like Elton John and PinkFloyd. In America, the most blatant imitators of the Beetles were the Monkeys, who even calculatedly misspelled the Anne just like the Beetles. The Monkeys were four actors portraying longhair whimsical musicians; however, their music was actually performed by studio musicians. They copied the Beetles to a tee, including their campaign. Before the Beetles came to the US, their manager Brian Epstein had Capital Records spend $50,000 on a campaign, plastering posters all over the county stating, The Beetles Are Coming, and gave disc jockeys records of interviews with theBeetles to feel like they were actually making personalized interviews. For the Monkeys, The bands label spent $1 00,000 on an ad campaign that involved seventy-six advance men, who distributed thousands of posters proclaiming The Monkeys Are Coming and provided preview records to 6,000 disc jockeys (Statuary 125). After the assassination of President John Kennedy, the whole country was at a low point and the Beetles brought them back to happier times, especially the folk artists. A lot of folk artists felt like the protest was over after Kennedy was killed.Ke nnedy was making a change n the country, but after his death, they felt like there was no more fight left in them. Bob Dylan, one of the major folk musicians Of the era, just gave it all away and went towards the more electrified sounds of the Beetles. Gene Clark, who at the time was part of the folk group the New Christy Minstrels, was on tour when he first heard the Beetles song She Loves You. l must have played it 40 times in the two days the New Christy Minstrels were playing that town, he later enthused. l knew, I knew that this was the future? (Statuary 140).Gene Clark later quit the New Christy Minstrels and formed is own band with Roger Miscuing and a few other former folk musicians. They called themselves the Birds, misspelling it to emulate the spelling error in the Beetles. They combined Delaney folk, vocal harmonies and Beetles music to create folk rock. Other folk bands that switched to folk rock were the Turtles, Paul Simon and Art Gargantuan, and Scotland folk singer Donovan Letch, which Paul McCarty was featured singing with him on his song Mellow Yellow. One other band was Loving Spoonful who owed their debt to Dylan and none other than the Beetles.When new wave and punk music darted in the late 1 sass, their sound and style could still be heard in artists like the Squeeze, the Police, and Elvis Costello. Their music has spoken not only to its own time but to every generation since (Campbell, Broody 168). In the late sass a new style of music called baggy originated from Manchester. The musical devotees sported Ablate-queue haircuts and drew heavily on the sass. They fused Beetles psychedelic with electronic elements taken from the simultaneously developing acid house scene. You can see the Beetles influence in the guitar style and song arrangements of theStone Roses, guitarist John Squire cited them as one of his main influences. The mid ass saw a whole new host of Beetles influenced bands. The band Cast, which was formed by guitarist John Powers in 1994, has Lennox-queue vocals and memorable songs, which are still reaping the rewards. In 1 995 a Liverpool band called the Boo Raddled had both the Beetles pop and psychedelic styles. Songwriter/guitarist Martin Carr told Melody Maker in 1994 that, Theres never been a time when they havent been a part of my life (Salesman). The Gallagher brothers, who formed the group Oasis, lived ND breathed the Beetles.They even named dropped the Beetles whenever they could in interviews. They would write their own melodies and then arrange them in a Ablate-queue style, but with a rocky, attitude-dowsed edge. Its beyond an obsession. Its an ideal for living. Dont even know how to justify it to myself. With every song that I write, I compare it to The Beetles, Noel Gallagher told Q in 1 996 (Salesman). Of the eight years that were the Beetles, no band has received more attention from fans, musicians, and scholars. Their music tells us more about the sixties than any other band.

Malcolm Baldrige

Malcolm Baldrige Malcolm Baldrige was a native of Nebraska. He did not come from a poor family but he was born and raised in Omaha. It means that he grew up far away from the major urban centers of the United States and yet he became the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. However, being a part of the Reagan cabinet was not the most important achievement of his life. His legacy also includes the Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award (â€Å"MBQA†), a prize named in his honor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Malcolm Baldrige specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The MBQA is considered the most prestigious award-giving body when it comes to excellence in the marketplace. The fact that it was named in honor of Malcolm Baldrige is not only a testament to his character but also to his passion to see an America that is great once again and maintain its status as an economic powerhouse. The following is an overview of Malcolm Baldrige life in Omaha, his stint in the U.S. Army, and then his contributions to the world of business and politics. From Omaha to Washington, D.C. Malcolm Baldrige was born in Omaha, Nebraska on October 4, 1922 (Sobel, p.16). It is important to understand his personal background to appreciate his success story. He grew up far-away from the commercial noise of New York and the intense political dealings that characterized Washington, D.C. It was in the slow-paced lifestyle of Omaha wherein Malcolm developed the leadership qualities that would serve him well in World War II and beyond. He was the son of a lawyer named Howard Malcolm Baldgridge and Regina Conell Baldrige. On March 31, 1951 he married Margaret Trowbridge Murray. She bore him two daughters named Megan Brewster and Mary Trowbridge. But before all that, Malcolm decided to finish his studies first. He prepared for college studying at Hotchkiss School in Connecticut. Afterwards he graduated from Yale University in 1944 with a degree in B.A. in Englis h. However, before he graduated he had to take time-off from college because he volunteered to go join the U.S. Army in 1943 and as a private he was sent to the Pacific theater of war (Sobel, p.16). When he finally gave up his army life in favor of civilian life 1946, he was honorably discharged with the rank of captain. In 1947 he entered the corporate world and started near the bottom. He joned the Eastern Malleable Iron Company in Naugatuck, Connecticut and his first job was to be the foundry foreman in the said company. But a little over four years later, he became the managing director of the Frazer and Jones division of the company. In 1957, ten years after joining Eastern Malleable Iron Company, Malcolm was the newly appointed executive vice president. Three years later he would assume the position of president. He did not get to enjoy the top leadership position for a very long time because in 1962 he was recruited to work at Scovill Manufacturing Company in Waterbury, Conne cticut . He became their new executive vice-president. A year later he was promoted once again and became the CEO of the said company.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1969 he became the Chairman of the Board. He turned the company around. In the ten years time that he worked at Scovill, he was able to quadruple the companys earnings by successfully creating an international market for this brass-manufacturing firm (Levy, p.30). Malcolm Baldriges reputation as an excellent leader was evident to everyone who knew him and the offers began to come in. While he was still Chairman of the Board at Scovill, Malcolm also held directorships in the following organizations: AMF, Inc.; White Plains, N.Y.; Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company of Hartford; Bendix Corporation; IBM, Inc.; Eastern Company; and Uniroyal Inc. (Sobel, p.16). He was also a trustee for the Swiss reinsuranc e Company and member of the Business Council and the Council on Foreign relations. He did not always work for profit though, in 1968 he was the chairman and director of the Red Cross fund drive and he was also the trustee of the Waterbury Hospital and even found a way to help establish the Waterbury Non-Profit Development Corporation, an organization responsible for â€Å"promoting low-income housing and developing employment and recreational facilities for blacks† (Sobel, p.16). He was not only good at running profitable companies he was also interested in politics. It can be argued that Baldrige always wanted to be business and politics at the same time. His father was not only a lawyer but also served in the Nebraska state legislature. His father also served as a Congressman from 1930 to 1932 (Levy, p.30). When Malcolm Baldrige was in his early forties he started to become active in the Republican Party and from 1964 to 1980 he served as a delegate to the Republican conven tion. He began to get noticed in the Republican circle and so at one point he â€Å"headed President Richard Nixons Connecticut campaign in 1968 and George Bushs unsuccessful campaign in 1980† (Levy, p.31). He may have suffered a setback with George Bushs campaign but he was able to bounce back when he raised funds for the Ronald Reagan campaign (Levy, p.31). After Reagan took the White House the new president remembered the people who helped him get elected as president. One month after Reagan assumed the presidency in 1981, he chose Baldrige to become the 26th secretary of Commerce of the United States of America and he also easily won the confirmation for the said cabinet post (Levy, p.31). When he was the secretary of commerce he â€Å"advocated free trade and deregulation† and he also understood the need for America to maintain superiority when it comes to excellence in producing products and services (Levy, p.31). He sat on the Council on Commerce and Trade, Coun cil on Economic Affairs as well as the Council on Natural Resources (Sobel, p.17). He succeeded in convincing Japan to accept â€Å"voluntary restraints on its exports† because he saw that the aggressive Japanese businesses were hurting the U.S. economy (Sobel, p.17). Later on his passion to improve the the level of competence of business leaders and their organizations was the main reason why his name is well-remembered even to this day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Malcolm Baldrige specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aside from his business and political dealings, Baldrige was also interested in a host of different things and one of which is the rodeo. In his private life, away from the spotlight, Baldrige was a professional steer roper. On July 25, 1987 while practicing for a rodeo competition, in Walnut Creek, California, he fell from a horse and died a tragic death (Sobel, p.17). But this was not the end of his story. Legacy In the mid-1980s it was apparent to many U.S. leaders that American companies were no longer at par with their foreign counterparts in the international market. One of them was Malcolm Baldrige and when he was the Secretary of Commerce he was the â€Å"advocate of quality management as a key to U.S. prosperity and sustainability† (Spechler, p.1). Less than a month after his death â€Å"the U.S. Congress passed Public Law 100-107, the National Quality Improvement Act, which established the Malcolm Baldgridge Quality Award (MBQA) for quality achievements in American manufacturing and services† (Milakovich, p.112). The main purpose of this law is to encourage American businesses, educational institutions and health care organizations to aim for excellence in the creation of goods and in the provision of services. Behind this need for an award is the growing alarm that foreign competition was slowly overtaking the United States. The quality of foreign imports is slowly eclipsing American products. The award was an incentive to push US companies to increase their capability to become a global leader in their chosen industry by improving their manufacturing systems and quality control (Sallis, p.54). It easily became a much-coveted prize in the business world. The former President Ronald Reagan was the first to hand out the award in 1988 (Milakovich, p. 112). In the first decade here the following were a few of the winners: Motorola, 1988 (Large manufacturing); Cadillac, 1990 (Large manufacturing); Texas Instruments, 1992 (Large manufacturing); ATT, 1994 (Service); Wainwright Industries, Inc., 1994 (Small business). These are trusted brands. The products and services that these companies offer are well-known and well-respected in their respective industries. The MBQA is a measuring rod that organizations and business leaders can use to gauge their performance. The MBQA is govern by strict standards. There was a year, for instance, when the no one from the manufacturing sector won the award. This was explained by one commentator who wrote, â€Å"The Malcolm Baldrige Award is the highest honor any business can receive, and after 18 years has remained very difficult to win. As the criteria have changed over the years, the Baldrige has become an award for overall effectiveness of an organization, as opposed to an organization that simply has high quality products/services† (Brown, p. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He also added that aside from a high-quality product and excellent service the MBQA examiners take a closer look at the quality of the business leaders, strategic planning; customer and market focus; human resources focus; process management; and results. It is difficult to win this award. An organization must be able to take a long hard look at their current system and them improve in accordance to the standards of the MBQA. This is a good thing because they will be able to gauge where they are at and can further develop their capabilities. If not for the MBQA then the quality of products and services in the United States will continue to decline because there is no incentive that can encourage businessmen to go on to the next level. Conclusion Malcolm Baldrige demonstrated his passion for excellent service. It all started when he was a student, soldier and employee. His character and leadership skills became evident early on and so he was promoted several times until he became the CEO and then Chairman of the Board for a large corporation. He could have easily rested on his laurels. However, he went on to test the political waters. He was successful as a member of the Republican Party until finally he became the 26th U.S. Secretary of Commerce. It was a tremendous achievement for him but it was not after his tragic death in 1987 that his name was immortalized in the business world. The Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award is a symbol of excellence and it was just fitting that it was named after a man of noble character and great work ethic. Brown, Mark. Baldrige Award Winning Quality: How to Interpret the baldrige  Critieria for Performance Excellence. 5th ed. New York: Productivity Press, 2006. Levy, Peter. Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996. Milakovich, Michael. Improving Service Quality: Achieving High Performance  in the Public and Private Sectors. Florida: CRC Press, 1995. Sallis, Edward. Total Quality Management i n Education. 3rd ed.Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing Inc., 2002. Sobel, Robert. Biographical Directory of the United States Executive Branch,  1774-1989. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990. Spechler, Jay. Managing Quality in Americas Most Admired Companies. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., 1993.

Basic Concepts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Basic Concepts - Coursework Example For example, when â€Å"what you did† was done, it meant letting go of his girl, so he has to think twice if he cheats (â€Å"what you did†) because it would entail his girl leaving him. Beyonce Knowles Single Ladies also explains the basic transaction of exchange in economics. That if you want something, a good or service or in this case, the girl, you should pay or put a ring on it. This is present in the lyrics â€Å"Cause if you liked it, then you should have put a ring on it/ If you liked it, then you shoulda put a ring on it†. Johnny Cash’s I Walk the Line is a little complex because it explains the concepts of inelastic demand. That is, the demand remains constant regardless of price. In the lyrics, it present in these lines that reads â€Å"Youve got a way to keep me on your side/ You give me cause for love that I cant hide†. In this music, the other person which the music pertains to gives the singer â€Å"to keep me on your side†. The me is the â€Å"service† in this lyrics of which the other person is willing to pay or give at any price just to keep â€Å"me on your

Cardiac Rehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cardiac Rehabilitation - Essay Example The procedure, however convenient it may seem, results to back pain and discomfort due to the length of immobile bed rest so that complications such as bleeding may be prevented. There have been many efforts to improve the situation and many nurse researchers have come up with studies that testify to the possibility of shorter length of immobility and methods that further shorten hospital stay. Other concerns were also investigated including the personal side of the issue as viewed from the eyes of the patient. In this literature review, we present almost a timeline of published studies and see the many developments in cardiac rehabilitation with regards to post procedure care and treatment. The types of scholarship included here maybe empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological in nature. This literature review seeks to describe, summarize, evaluate, clarify or integrate the content of primary reports. When we are dealing with the care of those who have experienced Percutaneous Corornary Intervention (PCI) and other cardiac rehabilitation procedures, we find it necessary to discuss how much bed rest is needed as to ensure the path to recovery and health of the patient. The main disadvantage of PTCA as compared to open heart surgery... and the associated post-procedure anticoagulation therapy require remaining in a supine position and long bed rest which took almost 24 hours post procedure. A study by Gulanick and colleagues (1997) detailed the angioplasty experience of patients. By conducting focus-group interviews on 45 patients, they were able to determine the feedback regarding hospital experience, home recovery process, restenosis concerns, need for health information, facilitators/barriers for reductions of risk factors and suggestions for nursing interventions to facilitate recovery. What they found out to be the most pressing concern was the back and leg discomfort from remaining in a supine position for too long. The participants suggested many nursing interventions such as bed exercise, use of an air mattress, back rubs and early walking. 2.3 Length of Bed Rest There have been several studies conducted on how to lessen the discomforts regarding bed rest. Vaught and Ostrow (2000) provided a thorough overview of past studies regarding this concern in their article "Bed rest after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: How much is enough" As this is the case, we mention some of the studies that were discussed in the article. The reader is made aware of the fact that the studies to be mentioned are not the work of the author per se but a collection of studies by different researchers. With regards to how much time is needed for bed rest after PTCA, the mailed cross sectional survey of Peet and colleagues (1995) of 35 hospitals in Canada (30 responded) indicated that almost 75% of the hospitals were practicing a maximum of 8 hours of length of bed rest. Fowlow and colleagues (1995) conducted a research study to determine whether their institution's standard 8 hours of bed rest could

Value and importance of training and development of employees

Value and importance of training and development of employees Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction: Organisations get established, businesses survive and thrive because they sell products and services to customers and earn revenue. Globalization and increased competition have increased the demand for organizations to continually provide excellent products and services. Business performance depends largely upon how well the product or service is. Only satisfied, motivated and trained employees can produce quality products or provide quality service. 1.2 Research question: Determine how training can improve the skills of employees which in turn help in increasing employee and customer satisfaction, productivity and eventually business performance. 1.3 Background: Research Significance and Problem Identification: Although many organisations provide their employees training opportunities to progress within the organisation structure, little has been focused upon employee training for organisations efficiency and performance. Performance oriented market; constantly changing environment and globalisation are influencing the workplace structure and leading to increased reliance on employee skills for providing better products and services. Employees not trained to deal with the advanced management methods and techniques cannot work towards the better business performance. This issue is one of the most important topics in business management studies. This concept is now well established and is increasingly affecting the field of management. It has proved particularly valuable for those organisations who seek better performance. 1.4 Aims and objectives: The main aim of this paper is to study the value and importance of training and development of employees in terms of overall organisation performance. Determine how training can improve the skills of employees. Analyse published data/existing literature on human resource management and related subject areas. Identify training related issues such as environmental factors and their effect. Examine current organisational structure and working practises (such as procedures, policies, and standards followed by the company for its human resource/ workforce) in the company. Explore training methods available for the organisations. Access the impact of training on workforce satisfaction. Summarize the main themes of the findings and place them in the context of business performance. Provide recommendations. 1.5 Hypothesis: The organisations can increase their performance and productivity by providing their staff with appropriate skills through training and continuous development. If suitable training and proper care is given to development of employees, they can prove beneficial by working more effectively and efficiently. 1.6 Rationale: Organisations tend to apply those outdated and inadequate techniques and methods which although have been proven successful, those cannot work on their business situations. While doing so, they often ignore more advanced procedures and their business environmental and cultural requirements. In order to improve or increase their business performance, organisations will need to adapt new ways that can impact training and development of employees efficiently and successfully. 1.7 Theoretical Framework: The main purpose of this dissertation was to find out the effect of training on organisation performance. This dissertation discussed and critically analysed training and development of employees, its demand in changing nature of the organisation and impact of environmental and other important factors on training and development. Detailed explanations on training methods and types of skills (hard and soft) are also considered. The final section focused on training evaluation and its need. The writer has also taken several authors views on training and development of employees and linked them with organisation performance and other related factors, and evaluated all the data gathered. The writer has also debated and provided arguments and counter arguments on above mentioned issues argued by professionals. 1.8 Limitations: As the researcher progressed through this research project, limitation arose that included bias, unavailability of relevant data, resource and time allocation, etc. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction: In order to survive and compete in the ever growing competitive and changing environment, it is critical for any organisation to perform better by satisfying the needs of the customers (Mullins, 2007). Globalization has increased the demand for organizations to provide excellent products and services as business performance depends largely upon it. Only satisfied, motivated and trained employees can produce quality products or provide quality services. Increased competition and changing nature of technical jobs and services made employee training very crucial for the survival of any business. The requirements of skills development of employees differs from business to business and industry to industry (Bratton and Gold, 2001). This issue is one of the most important topics in business management studies. This concept is now well established and is increasingly affecting the field of management. It has proved particularly valuable for those organisations who seek better performance. 2.2 Training and Development: In Bramleys (2003) words, training involves learning and educating employee to do something to result in things being done differently. He explains that training is a process that is planned to facilitate learning so that people can become more effective in carrying out aspects of their work. According to the CIPD, Training is expected to equip employees to help them become ‘strategically unique, in addition to the provision of skills, knowledge and attitudes needed to achieve operational efficiency. ‘Training is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behaviour through learning experience to achieve effective performance (Wilson, 2006). ‘Employee Development is a process for preparing employees for future job responsibilities. This may include formal and informal training, education, mentoring, coaching etc (Armstrong, 2008). Although the terms training and development are often linked, these address slightly different needs. Training focuses on learning the necessary skills and acquiring the knowledge required to perform the job. It deals with the design and delivery of learning to improve organization performance. On the other hand, development focuses on the preparation needed for future jobs; it should be considered investment in the work force since its benefits are long term (Armstrong, 2006). Effective training is paramount for survival and growth of a business. Training is not just about developing people but helping them to become more confident and capable in their jobs as well as in their lives (Wilson, 2006). The significance and value of training has long been recognized. The need for training is more prominent given todays business climate and the growth in technology which affects the economy and society at large. Employee is trained to assure that current or future needs of the organisation are met. 2.3 Hard vs. Soft Skills Training: There are two basic categories of skills training: hard and soft skills (Armstrong, 2008). Hard skills are technical or administrative procedures related to an organizations core business while soft skills are attitudes and behaviours exhibited by employees while interacting, which affect the outcomes of such interactions. It is easy to train and identify the need for hard skills training, while soft skills relate to personal, individual development and are most difficult to define and measure. Some types of training have both hard and soft skills components. Sales training for example, may encompass hard skills such as product knowledge and price negotiation, and soft skills such as empathy and listening (Smith and Mazin, 2004). The best way to develop skills is to practice doing the thing what an employee is trying to do, under the expert guidance of someone who knows how (Redman and Wilkinson, 2006) (Muir, 2004) (Beardwell et al, 2007). 2.4 Reasons for Training: There are many motives for training and developing employees. It can be initiated for a variety of reasons e.g. it can be carried out as part of an overall professional development program or performance improvement (Rae, 1999). Training is not only essential to create skilled force but also needed to maintain a high level of skills required by the constantly changing work environment and to equip employees to meet future demands (Stewart, 1996) (Pont, 2003). 2.5 Training Benefits: Leading writers have recognised the importance of training as fundamental for management (Bratton and Gold, 2003). Keep (1989 cited by Redman and Wilkinson, 2006) describes training and development as litmus test against which other characteristics of management practice can be measured. Advantages of training and development include: increased job satisfaction and morale among employees, employee motivation, increased efficiency and effectiveness, increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods, increased innovation in strategies and products, reduced employee turnover, enhanced company image, risk management. The right employee training at the right time provides big pay offs for the employer in increased productivity, knowledge, loyalty, and contribution (Web 1). Training allows the organisation to develop and promote its own culture. Training also allows organisations to adapt to changes in the business environment and can be used as a change agent to change organisation al culture (Wilkinson et al. 2006). Training is a tool that can improve organisational effectiveness, especially in fiercely competitive markets. Training and development helps in optimizing the development of human resource that helps the employee to achieve the individual as well as organisational goals (Benson, 2006). It increases the job skills and knowledge of employees at all levels and expands the horizons of their intellect and their personality. Training and development helps in indicating the sense of team work, team spirit, and inter team collaborations. It also aids the organisations to get more effective in decision making and problem solving. It also helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers usually display (Armstrong, 2008) (Bratton and Gold, 2003) (Pont, 2003) (Price, 2007). 2.6 Training Process: Training process takes place within the context of the internal and the external environment of the organization. The basis for most training remains the traditional training process system. This involves: 1. identifying the needs for training and development of the company; 2. Planning training or devising a learning plan; 3. Carrying out or delivering training and 4. Assessing and evaluating outcomes/results. A training need analysis is the first step in identifying the types of programs that will further organisations goals, which helps to decide whether training is appropriate at all. The organisations have to assess why they need training (Smith and Mazin, 2004). Then plans are made on how to deliver the program and by which method. Armstrong (2008) places a great importance on the design of training policy because of its significance of effects on the business. It is an important issue and requires close attention to the organisations mission, ethical stance and strategic visio n. All the policies should be aligned to the companys mission and objectives. 2.7 Training Methods: Learning and development can focus on different components of employees as proposed by Lee (1996). Organisations can adapt different techniques of training for their businesses and according to their requirement. Some techniques consist purely on acquisition of knowledge, some focus on skills development of its staff, some even focus on sentimental aspects of the employees and their relationships with others. Few activities seek to integrate all the above. Staff training can be conducted on the job, which is carried out at the trainees workplace, and off-the-job which is carried out away from employees work place (Mullins, 2007). Training methods include observing, questioning, interpreting, reviewing, coaching, e-learning, workshop, induction, job-shadowing, mentoring, seminars, classes, open learning, project work, workshop and simulation. 2.8 Why Training Fails Training is not always the answer to performance problems. Some training analysts (Rosner, 1999 cited by Smith and Mazin, 2004) believed that training could be a good investment or could be a waste of resources. Training is indeed a waste of money when the desired behaviour does not occur. Thats why training and development doesnt succeed all the time to achieve desired results and in obtaining aims and objectives of the organisation. There could be many other reasons for the failure but most common are (Web 2): Training is often implemented for the wrong reasons and seldom aligns to a business measure. It fails because of lack of objectives to provide direction and focus. Sometimes the solution proves too expensive for the desired outcomes. Other important reason for failure is lack of management reinforcement and support (Mullins, 2007). Some businesses invest little in training because they dont have enough funds. 2.9 Role of a Training Manager: It is the role and responsibility of the HR manager to develop and implement training strategies and policies. The HR manager has responsibility for training and development and performance management. Human Resource Managers need to understand the nature and process of training and development in order to be able to facilitate learning and development within the organisation (Watson, 2006). HR managers are involved in planning and implementing programs designed to improve the performance of their employees in order to improve the effectiveness of the organization. Its their responsibility to group together employees activities during training process in such a way that encourages integration and cooperation (Armstrong, 2008). 2.10 Trainee Employees: Organizations performance largely depends upon the employees that work in it (Watson, 2006). They are the key resource and considered as capital for any organization. HR scholars agree that an organisation is only as good as the people in. Training is worthless if employees are not involved properly (Armstrong, 2008). Company can achieve and maintain the competitive advantage by regularly upgrading the workforce skills. The development of employee skills is one of the most important tasks in which an organisation can engage (Armstrong, 2006). Adequate supply of technically and socially competent and proficient staff is only ensured by training and development. 2.11 Training Evaluation: Employees need feedback. It is important for their progress and advancement (Armstrong, 2006). Evaluation is a process of establishing the worth or value of something (Rae, 1999). Evaluation of training is a process of gathering information with which to make decisions about training activities (Sloman, 1999). Organizations apply performance appraisal evaluation to measure employee work performance and effectiveness, which can help in defining and developing training needs for the organisations. Having a well-structured measuring system in place can help determine where the problem lies (Mullins, 2007). Training evaluation may also help in improving quality of training activities which in turn results in greater benefits. 2.12 Other Issues: While providing training, the manager needs to understand the importance and effects organization structure and design because these define tasks and responsibilities, work, roles and relationships, and channels of communication (Mullins, 2007). The two factors that determine how the organization functions in relation to its eternal and external environment are its structure and the processes that operate within it. Structures are necessary to support the effort of training managers and trainee employees. Culture of an organization also plays an important part in assessing the needs and requirements for training and development. It helps in producing high level of business performance. Training according to structure and culture provides organizations flexibility, adaptability and durability required for growth and survival(Redman and Wilkinson, 2006). 2.13 Conclusion: Scholars and writers have emphasised on the importance of training and development of the employees for the better performance of any organisation. It is a main factor of human resource management within organization. It not only benefits organisation by providing them with skilled force, but employees individually as well by increasing their effectiveness and efficiency (apart from other benefits discussed above). Organisations have to take into account all the internal and external environmental and cultural factors and should provide feedback on training. To be successful, organisations have to adapt an appropriate training process with best available training method and professional guidance/management. Chapter 3: Research Methodology Research is any type of systematic and arranged study to systematize facts or collect data, and is generally linked to a problem that has to be solved (Zikmund, 2000). Johnson and Scholes (2008) define methodology as ‘A focused and systematic investigation that goes beyond generally available knowledge to acquire specialised and detailed information, providing a basis for analysis and elucidatory comment on the topic of enquiry. 3.1 Introduction Research methodology section also clarifies why the researcher has chosen certain research methods, techniques and approaches, justifying the writers approach and line of action; and why other methods are not included for this project with detailed reasons and explanations. Arguments and benefits for selected methods are also given. Sampling, research tools and other related issues are also explained in this section. This area ends with discussion of limitations and constraints faced by the writer. 3.2 Background As part of dissertation, the researcher was expected to undertake research into business and management field which should meet the criteria set out by the college and must have enough empirical data for investigation (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). Searching past dissertation and thesis aadded ideas and assisted in formulating the dissertation design and overall structure that provides a framework for the collection and analysis of data (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). After organising the ideas, research time scale was set which was focused on targets to meet deadlines for completion of the paper. The researcher has applied Gantt chart (Saunders et al 2007) to help in keeping track of the research. It also assisted in planning and coordinating specific tasks during the research work by providing graphical illustrations of the timetable and key tasks involved in it. Its help in keeping the data sought throughout the research within the scope of the project, proved beneficial (Saunders et al 2007). With the amount of literature, it was time consuming to sort out relevant material to the research. Bells (2005 cited in Bryman and Bell, 2007) six points parameters method was applied to narrow down the search materials that were time consuming. 3.3 Data Collection Methods and Approaches The researcher decided to use fast but cheap methods to obtain maximum information in little time. The researcher also tried to focus on specific but relevant research material to minimize collecting irrelevant data and save time. For these purposes, the research resources were divided into ‘Internal and ‘External. In internal research, companies own business data, records and reports, and previous research studies were analysed. External research consisted of collection of data from other sources like magazines, newspapers, publications, reports, journals and websites. In research there are two broad methods of reasoning often referred as ‘Deductive and ‘Inductive approaches. As the social/management research generally necessitates the deductive approach rather than inductive research, the researcher chose this method of reasoning. In deductive approach particular instances were deduced from general inferences. In this type of theory conclusion followed logic ally from premises or available facts. This approach helped the researcher for collecting the data that defined the problem area (foreground theories). Research was conducted utilizing both ‘Primary and ‘Secondary methods. Primary data was collected with a focused plan and gathered specifically for this research (Saunders et al. 2007). Secondary data (which was collected from other sources or published data) was used in ‘Descriptive and ‘Explanatory research. Examples of primary data that the writer collected were interviews and questionnaires. Primary data was collected specifically for data analysis but secondary data collected was for both literature review and data analysis sections. Both primary and secondary research included ‘Qualitative and ‘Quantitative data. As per the requirements of the research, the researcher collected both qualitative and quantitative forms of data and integrated the information in the interpretation of the overall results. Quantitative research involved the use of structured questionnaire where the response options were predetermined by the researcher. Measurement was objective and statistically valid. Qualitative research was subjective in nature and involved collecting and analysing data by interviewing people. Some of the qualitative research was coded quantitatively for the purpose of reaching the conclusion by assigning meaningful scales and numerical values. Interview is one of the best ways for getting behind the story of the participants experiences. It is very easy way to gather primary qualitative as found by the researcher during the research process. Interviews were conducted to collect valid and reliable information (Saunders et al 2007). The researcher was aware that questionnaire is the most popular method of conducting scholarly research. It provides a convenient way of gathering information, easy to analyse, and most statistical analysis software can process it easily. It is also cost effective method of collecting data and is familiar to most people. Questionnaire can be circulated easily and response rate is fast (Saunders et al 2007). The writer chose ‘Closed ended Questions in formulating the questionnaire for timely response. The concept of mixing different methods originates in the realisation that all methods have limitations. Using a multi-method approach reduces bias and increases validity (Saunders et al. 2007) . The findings from the research were then tested on theories for reliability and validity (Saunders et al 2007). Good practice is only possible if the research data is valid, reliable, and sensitive (Johnson and Scholes, 2002). The researcher ensured that appropriate variables, techniques, scales, and assumptions were used. Proper measures were taken while gathering secondary data and information was checked for its validity and reliability while maintaining sensitivity in order to keep facts as original as possible. 3.4 Sampling It wasnt possible to collect data from all the sources and all the population. Therefore sampling was applied. The accuracy of research depends upon the way the sample is selected. The researcher conducted interviews from managers. Questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected employees. 3.5 Limitations and Constraints Researcher realized that not all the processes and methods could be used and dropped few methods (like focus groups) of secondary choice due to time limit and minimum resources. The major limitation of the study lies in its relatively small sample size of customers and the limited coverage. This was mainly attributable to the limited time and other resources available for the study. 3.6 Data Analysis Tools Internet has become the most used method of communication due to its comparative ease and effectiveness. The writer utilized this method to stay in touch with the managers. Spreadsheet program was used to process the data from the questionnaires. This information was quantitative, easily converted to percentages and proved easy to evaluate. Microsoft Word is used as design tool due to its versatility, speed, and accuracy of work along with wide range of pictorial and graphical alternatives to research findings. Chapter 4: Research Findings and Data Analysis 4.1 Introduction The company chosen for this research study in order to find out how the training and development of employees can effect the business performance, is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ clothing which is a small and medium size company that deals in manufacturing clothes in small factory and selling these through its small store. Some employees are involved in production while the rest deals in serving customers. The company has recently undergone through organisational changes and trained all its employees in their respective roles. Interviews were conducted to collect valid and reliable information. The researcher conducted interviews from management and distributed questionnaires among its employees to determine the extent how development has effected the companys efficiency. Survey conducted from employees for satisfaction is a self assessment by staff. Its results explain how well the expectations are met and/or how to improve further. The researcher conducted this survey to study the employees views about the company performance. This research also explained the reasons behind the findings. 4.2 Analysis: Interviews There was no formal training for employees before. Growing competition and market demand forced the company to amend its policies and include training in its mission and vision. Training was conducted to raise skills levels and productivity of employees and to offer the hope of increased competitiveness within business environment. The company successfully conducted the training with positive response from employees. The training process was internal and staffs were provided on the job training by the employer. The employees were empowered and felt motivated and passionate in the involvement in training process. The management felt that employee as well as customer satisfaction and relation has improved a lot after employees training based on the customer/employee responses and companys financial results. The company is quite satisfied of its evaluation process and feedback procedure. The company trained its employees in whole range of skills It boosted confidence and morale of an em ployee who now is doing the job more efficiently and effectively. It paid off well for the company as its productivity increased and new customers were attracted. 4.3 Analysis: Questionnaire

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Sculpture of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt Introduction Egypt is situated in the north-eastern corner of the African continent. It is composed of two very different regions--Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Lower Egypt--the Black Land as it was also called by the ancient Egyptians--with its fertile soil strip along the Nile River makes up the northern part of the country. The Red Land--the Upper Egypt--is a desertous southern part with the red, sun-baked soil. The history of ancient Egypt starts around 3000 B.C. when, according to the tradition, Menes Narmer unified the two lands and founded the first dynasty. That was the beginning of the Old Kingdom--the period of stability of the state that lasted until 2263 B.C. and included the dynasties Ist to VIth. Old Kingdom is known as the Golden Age of Egyptian art: during this period the famous pyramids of Giza and the legendary Sphinx were built and the canon that lasted for two millenniums was established. Influences Even though Egyptians were the first to build a civilization they weren't the first artists. Obviously the first artists on Earth were the cavemen who produced the beautiful cave paintings found all over the world. However, the artworks that date tens of thousands of years back had little influence--or at least little direct influence--on the Egyptian art. The characteristic features of the art of the Old Kingdom were derived almost exclusively from the works of the Bronze Age (4500-3000 B.C.). Made in that period, there were sculptures of animals that were the predecessors of the statues of Egyptian gods and goddesses in the shape of animals. There were terra-cotta figures of women--probably the slaves from the African tribes--which probably were to represent the Mother Goddesses. However the art of the Old Kingdom had much more to borrow from that prehistoric period than just bits and pieces of ideas here and there. Probably the most important thing that the Bronze Age s hould be noted for in this context is the development of the canon of Egyptian sculpture. Here is quite long, but very complete and precise definition of the word 'canon' given by the Polish Egyptologist Kazimierz Michalowski in his book called Great Sculpture of Ancient Egypt: 1) The canon is a historically conditioned element of indigenous character. 2) It is a result of a mass of observations and experiences that lead to the fixing in art of the most typical forms found in nature but brought down to specific and constant proportions.