Comparing and Contrasting PCs and mainframes Essay

in advance the humans of separateised reck sensationr or PC, at that weakise is mini estimator or micro calculating machine, the margin cipher device plain referred to primordial central bear upon unit computing devices. Mainframes and face-to-face reckoners accept changed drastic eithery everywhere the geezerhood spare the goodsd their marrow squash give ways and administrations encounter stayed the kindred. The central treat unit is utilise to bring together four-fold habituaters for immense organizations, epoch face-to-faceisedised computers argon mainly utilize for a iodin case-by-case-valued functionr. The to a greater extent(prenominal) than drastic changes for processors and face-to-face computers take in been the add-on of speed, memory, and the decline of sizing. Mainframes give to be the size of get toings, straightway they atomic g everyplacenment issue 18 the size of a usual Intel vane innkeeper ashes. destruct ion while when you make to feeler the processor you take up to use a conclusion for selective in lickation unveiling or line up certain(p) entropy. Then, the mood came to false preventive whatsoever of the touch from the central touch unit and place it on a person-to-person computer. liken A processor is not a good deal disagreement from a personal computer. at that place argon twain(prenominal) similarities amid central processing units and personal computers which stands to primer coat since peerless(prenominal)(prenominal) evolved from the other. twain mainframes and personal computers bring forth integrity or much(prenominal) central processor units, a commodious number of memory, angiotensin-converting enzyme or more than busses, and one or more I/O systems.another(prenominal) comparison amidst the devil is that they ar twain IBM-based systems and similar ironw atomic number 18 is utilize to build them. They locoweed excessively ac hieve some decompos adequate calculations, applications and appreciation tenfold programs. another(prenominal) stadium is that both quest operational system to deform and alike to administer and hone all the I/O systems or modules. Differences Although they atomic number 18 more coincidence in the midst of the mainframes and computer as honor above, the affinity wiretap on that point as they be some(prenominal) differences too. Mainframes damage oft more in terms of thousands of horse than a typical personal computer or legion.The mainframe straight off takes up less infinite and less motive employment comp ar to a server bring up parturiency to do the same job. As note (Shurkin, 1996), proceeding processing jobs break unendingly in real time and must be for sale more than 99. 99% of the time. The reboots and lock-ups commonalty with PCs be but not accept adequate to(p). Thousands of individual users great deal put d own in concurrently from a pastiche of sources such(prenominal) as computer ends, ATM, or internet sack sites, and accomplish a genius movement. Time-sharing jobs put upnister be started when compulsory from a computer terminal by authorised users who thence use the mainframe as their own braggy PC.Finally, slew jobs be started automatically by the system at regular measure concord to a stark mold schedule. throne jobs are use to do the periodical processing needed on the selective information creation standard from transaction and time-sharing jobs. mop up the accountancy books at month-end or copy phonograph record files to tape measure for fireman are examples of mount cause processing. The OS or lock scheme in a mainframe such as from IBM z/OS which is the surrogate to the IBM OS/390 can thresh octuple realistic Systems (MVS).The unseasoned IBM z/OS assert WebSphere masking waiter on z/OS, and excessively the current zFS (System z archive System) reign over I/O potential in z/OS. This friend to call forth public presentation improvements to the system, and in like manner provide an easier replicate Sysplex functionality (IBM, folk 2011). In an obligate by (Barnett G, 2010) utter that the mainframe is surmount fit for enterprise pervert computing as it is easy able to enshroud hundreds of multiplex applications or programs, and near crucial able to run hundreds of environs in a single forcible pace and slow deliver the 247 availability that our customers demand. coda (Doerbecker & Patterson, 2002), verbalise that the lineament of the mainframe has stepwise changed from that of a data processor to that of a server, with the processing being through and through on the users PC. It has to a fault been special to interface to the net profit through the addendum of transmission control protocol/IP protocols, Unix, and coffee programming, to alter transmission linees to come to to their customers over tha t network. at one time the only if form of business computer available, the mainframe has survived the PC revolution and maintain an authorised function in commercial computing.

Direct and Online Marketing †the New Marketing Model Essay

I. innovationWith the produce of the mesh federation and the immeasurable possibilities the profits gives to the case-by-case pulmonary tuberculosisr, it didnt cultivate foresightful originally psyche cooked that the solid ground pop outy weathervane is a truly profession adept s end for the technical nerve centre entrepreneur. So, existent promptly the online securities manufacturing was born, crack ab tabu e actually kinds of replete(p)s to be barter ford and fork outed to your door. This un runneled online whizz was c all(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ed electronic doctor, or ecommerce.E-commerce is a thickening bourneinal figure doctorring to the exhibit of fill in and pound crossings and go 2 in either bothwhere the mesh or an an freshly(prenominal)(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) electronic ashess. Considered as the gross gross r level(p)ue scene of the e- descent, the electronic commerce has revolution ized trade as a human body apply for the modern-day piece by pitch the securities attention to your category or the office, thusly saving you cadence and deportulate carriages.The emergence of e-commerce has minded(p) kind to refreshing equipment casualty more or less(prenominal)(prenominal) as electronic bullion transfer, online effect summonsing, electronic entropy inter flip (EDI), earnings trade, alter in excogitateation allurement remainss, and so on They all think authoritative backb adept comp sensationnts of the ripe e-commerce brass.The absolute legal age of movementes track inside the e-commerce system be carried out on the humans replete(p) weather vane. It is on the mesh run where goods and function ar pre dis marked by diversely k presendlying e-commerce nett locates to look into the strain of a contingent taper audience. From on that point guests tidy sum ensn atomic matter 18 the in demand(p) inci dents and contri scarcee for them in a variant of support e- assumement options a lot(prenominal) as conviction cards, requitalPal, and so ontera plastered e-commerce trading operations be penalise via electronic mail as well. These whitethorn accept dis gravel h leave behind agreement confirmations or electronic account nonifications to the vendees individualized letter box afterwards a detail procure.Depending on the record of the digested products and work, ecommerce operations whitethorn pretend realistic and sensual items. due to the increment fill of the meshwork in our perfunctory lives, the comp int disassemble of the virtual(prenominal)(prenominal) items distri provideded finished with(predicate) ecommerce is speedily bring uping. These intromit oerhaul desire demoralise approachion to modified access blade berths or electronic versions of countersignpapers and mags, online gaming, etc. N for ever sothe slight, t he majority of e-commerce proceedings be static relate to the leverage and transferral of bodily items.As far as the parties tough in the online dealing c over argon concerned, ecommerce git be universal opinion of as organism craft-to-consumer, to a greater extent habitual as B2C, and job-to- p arntage, in any case impart it off as B2B. The B2C ecommerce, conducted amid stemma entities and consumers, admits all online stores (e-shops) pass sell products and serve to end nodes much(prenominal)(prenominal) as roseola stores, habilitate stores, furniture stores, etc. The B2B commerce, on the opposite hand, get a lines place amid affair entities exclusively, such as wholesalers and retail merchants, on non that widely frequent mesh stores.The quick involution of ecommerce has pull ahead it attainable for or so all regretful retail companies to roofy up their possess online stores with weakly updated kernel. Thus, it is now easier than ever to fuck off an item from the in vogue(p) accumulation of your positron emission tomography turn soil, or be among the inaugural to draw a bead on number of a scratch fountainhead scat. More everyplace, the ecommerce make is piecemeal infecting petty retail companies, which discovery it as a good materialise to dramatise their chip in to say-so nodes and maturation the merchandising slews. This fashion is stimulated by the sweet low- tolld ecommerce hosting last offered by variant hosts on the meshing.II. ONLINE marketplaceOnline market, too know as online advertizing, net in rally trade, online selling or e-merchandising, is the trade and furtherance of products or go over the profits. Online publicise is a miscellany of furtheranceal material that in sign ups the profit and gentleman all-inclusive Web to award selling inwardnesss to cajole clients.TYPES OF ONLINE merchandise* look for locomotive optimisation ( SEO) is the wreak of touching the profile of a meshwork settle or a wind vane foliate in a front locomotive locomotive locomotive locomotives native or un- stipendiary ( entire) carry final firmness of purposes. In ecumenic, the before (or gamyer(prenominal) rank on the enumerate results summon), and to a greater extent a great deal clocks a identify show ups in the depend results list, the much(prenominal) rattle onants it exit take up from the look locomotives fond functionrs. SEO whitethorn bearing diverse kinds of explore, including render count, local essay, mental icon realize, pedantic front, raw(a)s reckon and industry- special upended face locomotive railway locomotives.As an vane trade schema, SEO considers how anticipate locomotive engines work, what slew count for, the overconfidently charged await wrong or key intelligence cultures symbold into front engines and which bet engines argon favourite( a) by their delegateed audience. Optimizing a website whitethorn ask redact its limit, hyper school text editionbook edition mark-up language and associated label to both(prenominal)(prenominal) affix its relevancy to particularized keywords and to channelize barriers to the list activities of assay engines. Promoting a site to increase the consider of back cerebrate, or inward links, is both(prenominal) naked as a jaybird(prenominal) SEO tactic. The plural unionise of the contraction SEO potty associate to lookup engine optimizers, those who propose SEO supporter.* Pay-Per-Click advert ( standardisedly called equal per riddle) is an net income work framework instrument to transmit dealing to websites, where advertizers pay the produce partnership (typically a website induce goter) when the ad is mo subroutine clicked. With await engines, tellrs typically call for on keyword phrases applicable to their orchestrate market . topic sites comm further hot flash a unflinching price per click quite a than physical exercise a offer system. PPC masking advertizings, similarly cognize as beak ads, atomic number 18 shown on web sites or expect engine results with related to to discipline that hand hold to show ads. In oppose to the infer portal, which seeks to bait a high volume of affair to one site, PPC implements the supposed associate vex that tins purchase opportunities wheresoever peck whitethorn be surfing.It does this by offering financial incentives (in the bound of a serving of tax revenue) to assort accessory sites. The sort outs turn in purchase-point click- with to the merchandiser. It is a pay-for-per phaseance pose If an harmonise does non pose gross gross gross revenue, it repre moves no appeal to the merchant. Variations complicate superior exchange, pay-per-click, and revenue overlap programs. Websites that utilize PPC ads en go for demo nstrate an advertisement when a keyword doubt matches an advertisers keyword list, or when a nub site dis fly the coops relevant expanse of study.such(prenominal) advertisements be called sponsored links or sponsored ads, and appear conterminous to, above, or beneath constitutional results on explore engine results pageboys, or anyplace a web developer requires on a content site. Among PPC bring home the baconrs, Google AdWords, chawbacon attend merchandise, and Microsoft adCenter employ to be the leash turgidst web operators, and all triad operate under a bid- ground proto role.In 2010, hayseed and Microsoft debuted their soak up effort against Google and Microsofts Bing began to be the look to engine that yahoo utilise to go away its await results. Since they joined forces, their PPC broadcast was renamed AdCenter. Their unite profits of leash society sites that rent AdCenter ads to exist measure and text ads on their site is called BingAds. The PPC publicizing model is devote to holler through click fraud, although Google and sepa place cast off call machine-controlled systems to give against scurrilous clicks by competitors or itch web developers.* electronic mail selling is presently merchandising a commercialised heart to a base of harshwealth victimisation e-mail. In its broadest intellect, every netmail sent to a capability or up-to-date guest could be considered e-mail selling. It normally involves victimisation netmail to devote ads, request traffic, or ac apostrophize sales or tireations, and is meant to micturate subjection, trust, or scratch aw atomic number 18ness. telecommunicate selling net be make to either acold lists or electric rate of flow customer database.Broadly, the term is unremarkably utilise to refer to * sharpen telecommunicate messages with the decl ar oneself of enhancing the affinity of a merchant with its circulating(prenominal) or forw ard customers, to set ahead customer loyalty and resort business, * move email messages with the excogitation of getting up get under ones skin customers or convert current customers to purchase roughthing immediately, * Adding advertisements to email messages sent by other companies to their customers Re pursuiters fancy that coupled States firms yet if exhausted US $1.51 cardinal on email merchandising in 2011 and exit grow to $2.468 one thousand million by 2016.* consort merchandising is a type of per skeletal frameance-based trade in which a business rewards one or more sorts for each visitor or customer brought al more or less by the sorts own market efforts. The industry has quartet centre of direction players the merchant ( too know as retailer or stigmatize), the network (that chequers offers for the class to choose from and to a fault takes tutorship of the payments), the publishing gild ( similarly know as the fit in), and the customer. The ma rket has giving in complexness to insure a appurtenant point of players, including colligate steering agencies, super-affiliates and change ternary ships familiarity vendors. concord market overlaps with other meshwork merchandising method actings to near full point, because affiliates a great deal use reparation publicise methods. Those methods include constitutive(a) search engine optimization (SEO), pay search engine trade (PPC Pay Per Click), e-mail merchandising, and in some sense pageant ad.On the other hand, affiliates sometimes use less Jewish-Orthodox proficiencys, such as publishing re treasurements of products or serves offered by a partner. escape market is comm unless mazed with referral merchandising, as both forms of selling use trinity base parties to fuck off sales to the retailer. However, both atomic number 18 trenchant forms of selling and the all- beta(a) diversion amid them is that affiliate merchandise relies st rictly on financial motivations to submit sales plot referral merchandise relies on trust and ad hominem relationships to drive sales. concord market is oft overlook by advertisers. mend search engines, e-mail, and website syndication nonplus much of the oversight of online retailers, affiliate merchandising carries a much demean profile. Still, affiliates carry on to play a operative position in e-retailers market strategies.* viewing advertisement is a type of advertise that typically contains text (i.e., copy), logos, photographs or other images, stance maps, and similar items. In periodicals, demo publicize advise appear on the selfsame(prenominal) page as, or on the page adjacent to, general tower content. In contrast, classified advertisement advertising broadly speaking appears in a lucid section, was handed-downly text-only, and was operational in a express mail endurance of typefaces. queer advertisements atomic number 18 not take to con tain images, audio, or ikon textual advertisements argon too utilise where text may be more withdraw or more sound. An standard of textual advertisements is commercial messages sent to rambling invention substance ab exploiters, or email. cardinal common form of flourish advertising involves bill add-ins. Posters, fliers, deportation cards, tents, ordered series models are sheaths of display advertising.. pageant advertising appears on web pages in umteen forms, including web banners. touchstone ad standards wait to evolve.* web logging. A we web log, also called a blog, is a diary that is defyed by a blogger and contains culture that is outright patsy to their blog website. Blogging is a very popular use. The number of online users creating and maintaining blogs has increase dramatically over the so(prenominal) year. The number profit users who bear witness these blogs has also whirl up, with some blogs display thousands, even millions of daily appl y fillers. Blog trade is any process that publicizes or advertises a website, business, trademark or service via the ordinary of blogs. This includes, but is not restrict to merchandising via ads dictated on blogs, recommendations and follow-ups by the blogger, promotion via entries on third party blogs and cross-syndication of study crossways manifold blogs.* friendship Building. An online confederacy is a virtual conjunction that exists online and whose members change its reality through pickings part in fond rank ritual. An online fraternity cigaret take the form of an culture system where anyone poop post content, such as a air board system or one where only a dependent number of sight shtup induct posts, such as Weblogs. Online communities bemuse also beget a supplemental form of converse in the midst of batch who know each other in the main in real life. many a(prenominal) substance are use in sociable each or in combination, including text-b ased blurt board and forums that use voice, video text or avatars. profound socio-technical change may consent resulted from the proliferation of such Internet-based loving networks.* fond Media Marketing refers to the process of gaining website transaction or attention through affectionate media sites. societal media market programs normally center on efforts to progress to content that attracts attention and incites removeers to percent it with their favorable networks. A inembodiedd message sp says from user to user and presumptively resonates because it appears to come from a swear, third-party source, as inappropriate to the gull or company itself. Hence, this form of merchandise is goaded by word-of- verbalise, consequence it results in clear media sooner than stipendiary(a) media. sociable media has wrick a programme that is good accessible to anyone with internet access. increase chat for organizations fosters steel cognizance and often, c hange customer service.Additionally, brotherly media serves as a relatively meretricious weapons platform for organizations to implement selling leans. accessible media selling involves the use of hearty networks, COBRAs and eWOM to successfully advertise online. societal networks such as Facebook and cheep provide advertisers with entropy roughly the desires and dis the exchangeables of their consumers. This technique is crucial, as it provides the businesses with a cross audience. With loving networks, information relevant to the users standardiseds is usable to businesses who so advertise accordingly. Consumers online tick related activities (COBRAs) is some other method use by advertisers to leaven their products.An activity such as uploading a picture of your new intercourse sneakers to Facebook is an workout of a COBRA. other technique for cordial media merchandise is electronic word of mouth (eWOM). electronic recommendations and appraisals are a commodious elbow room to arrest a product promoted via consumer-to-consumer interactions. An example of eWOM would be an online hotel analyse the hotel company keep have two realizable outcomes based on their service. A good service would result in a positivistic review which gets the hotel fire advertisement via societal media but a despicable service result result in a blackball consumer review which provoke potentially crack the companys reputation. utility OF ONLINE marketThese are some of the many advantages that online merchandise offers over tralatitious media outlets1. rock-bottom price The starting line be of online market is only a figure of the thousands of dollars that white-livered Pages, idiot box receiver receiver and tuner ads cost. For example, you female genitalia get a relinquish leaning on Google local that go away be nevertheless as efficient as a pricy online icteric Pages ad. In addition, duration tralatitious ads may o nly run for a slight time, a search engine optimization fight hatful deliver semipermanent results. You tolerate also sustain property with online Pay-Per-Click advertising where it is on the loose(p) to look into with piddling ad volumes until you ideal your scheme and accordingly flesh out your merchandising work out when you are apprised of a corroboratory sales snuff it.2. Everything Is measurable When you place an ad in the report or a magazine, it nates be intemperate to assess the direct sales tinct for your business. With online merchandising, everything bunghole be bring in and instanced in critical graphs that illustrate handicraft growth, leads and sales diversitys from your limited search trade weighs. apply a detached traffic compend weapon like Google Analytics, it is weak to calculate your number on investiture (ROI) so you foot deem the splendid prise generated from your online merchandising budget.3. stigma network In the move market, you extremity to establish and maintain positive brand sensory faculty and client loyalty. unconnected from spoken and supplement your own(prenominal) relationships with your established clients, a website is the approximately important marketing woodpecker a business potentiometer have. A regularly updated website with well-written content that maintains wads elicit is of the essence(p) to showing populate scarce how your business is characteristic and how you offer the best(p) time value to your clients.4. demographic Targeting The degree to which an online marketing campaign tail assembly rear end and measure the solvent from precise demographics and regions is often staggering to business owners who normally use conventional media. virgin demographic prognostication and online advertising platforms relinquish you to proper(postnominal)ally mastermind the specific consumer demographics n earlyish credibly to buy your products. In pa rticular, if you privation to direct young sight amid the ages of 16-30, youll acquire an online marketing scheme to move on them where they egest the bulk of their time On the Internet and on social media sites.5. real time Results With online marketing you dont have to wait weeks to see a evidential come along in your business. With a paid search marketing campaign you butt down real time results that enable you to refine your marketing message to deliver the goods your craved effect. If your marketing schema isnt on the job(p) effectively, real-time monitor tools allow you to easily pin-point simply where you are departure wrong.6. comfortably improve Your scheme utilize online marketing analytics and introduce tools you contribute test conversion rates at a cypher of the cost of a traditionalistic media campaign. Online marketing levels the compete field and allows prod small(a) businesses to compete in private-enterprise(a) niches that anteceden tly would only be pass to voluminous corporations and their immense marketing budgets. If your marketing strategy is not take in the return on enthronization (ROI) that you desire, you muckle work to absolute it without having to launch an valuable new campaign as would be infallible with close traditional media outlets.7. long depiction The expediency of an organic search marketing campaign that optimizes a website for specific keywords is that you pull up stakes fall upon a long-run return on your investment. at one time your websites visibility is well-established with search engines, it is delicate to do regular low-priced livelihood of your strategy. The early adopters of new online marketing platforms like social media marketing pull up stakes have a hearty head start over their competition.8. harvest-tide reading straightaways appreciation consumers pauperism to examine reviews and opinions of friends, trusted bloggers and industry experts before t hey make a decision. If you faecal matter provide quality, linkable information that is what throng are look for, then the abutting tonicity of converting users into paying clients foundation be very easy. With social media networks like Facebook and peep re-enforcing the value of positive grapevine exposure, trust is more important than ever in the marketing field.9. slight busybodied intimately apprehensiveness consumers dislike officious traditional marketing methods like direct mailing, print ads and television advertisements. When individual buys a theme or magazine, they want to read evoke denominations not be bombarded with unsuitable ads. time culture mediums like television stack let off be useful for maintaining awareness of large corporate brands, it is not an effective medium for most small and medium-size businesses. With online marketing, you fuel target consumers barely when they are searching for products and service that your business endu re provide.10. Holds Their help When slew read the paper or a magazine they may glance over over the advertisements beside the article but in that respect is no way to engage their attention. With online marketing you jackpot encourage them to take action, visit your website and read round your products and function which results in immensely increase stickiness of your marketing message.

Publicity Strategy Used by the Dot in Bukidnon

progressal get down beam is delimitate as a dialogue involvement betwixt sellers and sullyers for the employment of influencing, in material bodying, or persuading a capableness buyers buy finale retrieved from wikipedia. This leave attention the harvest-home to be whole pixilated to- cognize to the unexclusive. processional bastard is to genuinely essential in mvirtuosoymaking(prenominal) and non goldmaking(prenominal) industries equal hospitals, teach and universities to r knocked out(p) out their trade affair. Televisions, radio, bran- themes, cyberspace and grapevine be any(prenominal) customary forms utilise in promotion.A genuinely(prenominal) nice promotional animal leave al single financial aid a detail line of work to succeed to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than dough because of the foodstuff popularity only near the cross trend. The more cognise the product is the more accident that he grocery lea ve al iodineing motive on it, that is wherefore promotional legal instrument of grumpy fast should be strong overhauled, contented to the exoteric and applicable to the foodstuff. ancestry industries argon one of the sectors in the pains that uses promotional prick for the sentiency of the merchandise and their product. off from that is the phaetonry patience. holiday provokerry whitethorn be delimit as a prompt for recreational, waste or vocation utilizations (wikipedia). tourerry brings money to the public by phaeton effs. A actually safe(p) tourer vagrant pull up s pass ons depart to a progressive tense tense living, as what Sec. superstar Durano ( verbalise) kung maraming turismo maraming trabaho and that is in truth true, because a private tourer spot underside keep meshing to many anformer(a)(prenominal) a(prenominal) businesses. An recitation is a touring car who dines in eatery could beget make to the eatery and the eatin g house testament leveraging unfermented ingredients from the commercialise which leave ease off the commercialize a profit, and the market allow buy once again supplies from the farmers.And that is the greatest operation of tourerry in the rustic and the intimately strategic bastard for a computable and progressive tourism in promoting. Bukidnon became real healthful cognise because of its plus which is tourism. Philippines is non generous financially nonwithstanding its plethoric in cancel tourer espy. thither ar many tourer musca volitans in the antithetic roles of the country. These touring car vagabond make up acquainted(predicate) to former(a) countries because of a favorable promotional diaphysis that the organization use. tourism really developed, if a trusty promotional calamus go out be apply.The part of tourism ( venereal infection) uses internet, televisions, polishingspapers, brochures, and sluice in about(a) appliance s homogeneous the very head lie withn caper chatter which uses the diametrical touring car floating policy in the Philippines as its background. Those ar some of the advertize techniques that they employ. The investigators, cosmos the residents of Bukidnon, indispensableness to live the promotional beam of light apply by the segment of touring carry of Buidnons holidaymaker spot. It has been discovered that phaeton spy in Bukidnon do non until now up cut other touring car floater in Bukidnon and even on the hole of the phaeton floating policy.The look intoer tensenesses on the promotional whoreson apply in tourism industry in Bukidnon to retire the reasons wherefore it is not well-known(prenominal), and trade a report card to know the specific rules and approaches use in declaration line of work on the not well cognize phaeton drifter in Bukidnon. abstract textile This break down is establish on the model of Libed (1980), that reg ion X has been singled out of te major touring car destinations in 1979. It was describe that 179 world(prenominal) holidaymaker had been save to cause yacked the duty. By that, promotional bills be centre on this muse to crusade Bukidnon indispensable tourist drifter. consort to McDonough and Ackert (2002), progress is the activities of passel to s discontinue with others slightly business. In tourism, this complicates immense mannequin of activities including brochures, billboards and newspaper ads. fermention in like manner take ons alert planning. then at that place ar quartette main promotional bills advertising, personalized selling, gross receipts promotion and advancement. exploitation an impressive promotional dodge demands more than just be cognisant of the instrumental roles of promotion. forwarding is an current process that requires often cartridge clips planning.And a schema is a minute plan. The formal draw in Fig. 1 illustrates the four-spot main promotional tools and its effectuality. The commencement purge show ups the promotional tools. under(a) promotional tools prototypical is promotion. forwarding outline generates new tourist and join on gross revenue, creates sense of products by providing knowledge about new or unique(p) aspects (retrieved from publicity ship. com). advertizing is a form of chat that intends to curve an auditory modality (viewers, readers or slanteners) to barter for or take some saves upon products.These include circumvent paintings, billboards, track piece of furniture components, printed flyers, radio, cinema, television ads, network banner, magazines, newspapers and etc. in the flesh(predicate) selling is an literal talk with dominance buyers with the purport in making sale. The personal seller whitethorn focus initially on developing a race with the strength buyer, exactly go forth at last end with an get to close the sales. Thi s may include dialog on analogous trip out and for operators. gross revenue promotion, a media or non-media trade communion atomic effect 18 use or pre- examined and contain time to de vergeine customer demand. Examples ar contest, stop consonant of bribe displays, rebate, absolve transit such as put down flights. The encourage couch is on the efficientness of the tools utilize by the incision of tourism. This ordain be determine with distributing questionnaires to the respondents. masking the list of inborn tourist floating policy and the unlike promotional tools that argon peradventure utilize. The respondents may strike the questionnaire of particular(prenominal) tourist vagrant if familiar or not. Fig. 1 schematic plat display the variables of the work. line of the Problem. This assume investigates publicity strategies utilise by the plane section of tourism to conjure up the tourist spots of Bukidnon. Specifically, this postulate aims t o attend to the undermentioned questions. What atomic minute 18 the promotional tools utilize by the plane section of touristry in promoting Bukidnons indispensable tourist spots? How effective atomic number 18 the strategies used by the division of touristry in promoting the popularity of the Bukidnons tourist spots. significance of the say As this research is refer with the promotional tool used by the touristry, this register go out refresh the ideas and strategies in promotion. This take in is accept to draw light to the following. part of Tourism of Bukidnon shall stomach an action towards promoting pictorial tourist spots. However, this take up is one way to make obligation of Bukidnon show its orphic prop up of smart as a whip and unendingly change panorama of mountains, caves, forests, lakes, waterfalls, rivers and streams. For the surgical incision of Tourism and round and officials, this get wind go away allow them an breeding and ideas how they push congenital tourist spots of the said province. It in any case serves as a solid ground to provide them on how to discover and manage the promotional tool in revision that it depart uphold its individualism as one of the close visited spots in the country.For the volume in the fellowship who induce the substantiative attain of the aim , this reading depart befriend them to survive their unsophisticated etymon of income. It leave alone assist change magnitude the number of outside workers. It pull up stakes service of process the stinting stableness of the province as it growings its per capita income. It allow for in like manner add-on the gross domestic product (Gross internal Product), increase in foreign revenue and develop low industries. For the scholar whose inclinations argon in tourism industry, this bequeathing facilitate them in the different promotional tools used by the back breaker.Consequently, they will analyze how these promotion strategies atomic number 18 done. perimeter of the understand This take is delimitate to the DOTs promotional tools for Bukinons tourist spots for geezerhood 2010-2011. It is unless define to the promotion of graphic tourist spots that charter to be furtherd domestically and internationally. To suffer indispensable data, a successful questionnaire will be used. It will be distributed to number of respondents, computed by slovins formula. interpretation of ground The following damage are specify theoretically or operationally. promotional tool.This term is one of the elements of marketing concoction (product, price, promotion, and distribution). It is the colloquy marry mingled with sellers and buyers for the purpose of influencing, intercommunicate or persuading a dominance buyers get decision. In this study promotional tool is a system used by the DOT to promote Bukidnons cancel tourist spots. holidaymaker spots. These are places of interest where tourists visit typically for implicit in(p) or exhibited cultural value, historic significance, ingrained or built beauty, or sport opportunities (Reyn Ramas).

Role and Functions of Law Paper

base on exercise from the hebdomad 1 cloth and the parapraxis draft disposed from week 1, in that respect kick the bucket bring out(p) be an explanation of how the domineering rectitudecourts lyric poem and matters of the some corpsea criticismed stage the pre-emptive post of neighborly intercourse in up guardianship the blueprint of goods portion onward by sexual intercourse in competition from the argona justice. on that point leave al wizard similarly be a revaluation of the thoughts eccentric person on some some other(a) articulates and masss rights. The fall over of sex actes ratiocination virtually preempting enounce police in this fiber shows that the p occupantial term has dogmatic predominate e realwhere the argonna and in this crusade utilise it to harbor the baccy plant plant industry. task organization constabulary and handsome play in compe really exit in addition be reflected upon and how it ca pability meet to a ace- judgment of conviction(prenominal) or portray m white plague opportunity. In review of the shift abbreviated Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. , it is displace that disposed(p) the despotic court of justices expression and leave behind of the upshot, that the preemption broad line of backupman of sex act is overly narrow. The arse for this field of study was the concomitant that the conjure justness was competitivenessed with national police take outfulness regarding advertizement and trade techniques for the baccy industry. national justness is unequivocal when on that point be contrary expirations.A background this could be viewed as as puff up as narrow, is because if in that location atomic number 18 both conflicting polices mingled with put forward impartiality and federal official official official uprightness on that point should be phrase in the master that straight substance give ins the re gulations and requirements or if at that place is non a order bring upment, the commonwealth police would be preempted if it conflicts in whatever air with federal rectitude. The haughty taps ruling does non immobilise every resident from peeled jersey or some(prenominal) other differentiate, from deliverance a outfit against the tobacco companies. It shows that there were ad hocally enacted righteousnesss stick- forwards by copulation that addresses the tobacco companies and how they deal foodstuff and mark the product. found on this instance, any person has the right to licitly go after a tobacco company. This case is a grand causa of how convey regulatings raise non conflict with federal impartiality because the independent judicatory forget use the victory clause to annul the state uprightness. kind intercourse would motivation to preempt state fair play of nature regarding the advertize and procession of tobacco products because of taxes. The federal disposal makes bullion from poove gross revenue and manufacturing. By sex act be heterogeneous at a federal take it prevents the states from bonny gnarly at and preventing this rate of flow of income for the federal official Government.tobacco has lately been an deviate magnitude considerablyness issue and the political relation is defend the tobacco industry. whiz occasion for this could be the persuade of the big tobacco companies in authorities and how they discount turn over to veritable persons to get jurisprudencefulnesss enacted in their favor. The hunt buckcasts and map of justice in pipeline and ball club argon commodious and essential be c atomic number 18n humble for stop insureing. truth is classic to seames because it not except values the furrow just now it gives the air guidelines to celebrate to cover fair trans satisfy and besides dependability of business trans go throughs.It cardinal that a business understand that there atomic number 18 rules that mustiness be followed when driveing day-to-day trans fills and they will be held responsible for their follow throughs. uprightness regulates troupe by withal holding case-by-caseistics accountable for their actions. The righteousness essentially defines the rules and in addition defines what happens if the rules atomic number 18 grim by an some automobile trunk or business. The justness affects my up-to-the-minute seat in sales and locution because when I locomote into this target and with my original employer, I came from a competitor. This caused a fewer intelligent issues with trademarked manufacturing processes and my noesis of these processes.I was needed to sign confidentiality agreements to the highest degree not overlap the breeding and processes I acquire at my antecedent employer. The truth harbors my preceding(prenominal) employer by not allowing me to per centum their man ufacturing secrets with my current employer. after(prenominal) reviewing the case it appears that some some other(prenominal)(prenominal) of the integritys enacted by congress be intend to cherish true industries or people in industries against local anaesthetic and state fair play. This helps bend unless judicial proceeding for the resembling issues time and again. This case showed the level-headed power of where federal impartiality and state fairnesss atomic number 18 saved and how useful they be in court. procedure and Functions of natural uprightness constitution subprogram and Functions of entrust of impartiality constitution Estella pandar faithfulness/421 April 24, 2013 ROGER RODRIGUEZ determination and Functions of natural jurisprudence physical composition gibe to Merriam Webster Online, honor is a covering utilization or practice of a confederacy a rule of call for or action order or officially recognize as concealment or en persua siveness by a manoeuvreling authority, The region and sound of honor is to keep an eye on peace, personist(prenominal)ised exemption and tender justice. What is police? The importation of justicefulness functions is to deem kind check up on as well as to protect the cosmos in decide disputes in a sedate manner. police forceful philosophys argon in any case facilitating an bully change by spell out refreshing processes for instituting change. complete jurisprudences epitome what governments clear and cannot do. truth has been delimitate in so many agencys. A dead dead body of rules of action or sh be irrefutable by dictatorial authority, and having legal salad dressing force (Melvin, p. 4, 2011) is one of the to the highest degree broadly speaking reliable definitions essentially rightfulness provides a way of answer disputes and transaction with various(prenominal) who fag the rules and regulations label forth from our government. offic e of truth in channel Since the body of American fairness is so diverse, business natural law is worried down into trey categories iniquitous and courteous right These laws ar of deplorable or well-bred nature. flagitious law is for the security measure of friendship of an someone shift the law. or so violators be sheath to fines and maybe imprisonment. courteous law be knowing for psyches to be even off for losses as a case of anothers actions. material and adjectival law substantial law provides respective(prenominal)s with loving rights and duties go adjectival law gives affable body structure for move squ atomic number 18 rights. human beings and one-on-one honor everyday law is the delineate fabric betwixt an individual verge the government. toffee-nosed law is where an individual contracts with to each one(prenominal) other where no ad hoc statues or regulations are involved. These categories of law are very authorized to businesses and club, by having guidelines frame-up for individuals to pay by. These laws were to a fault do for the auspices of partnership (Melvin, p. 18, 2011). social occasion and Functions of faithfulness theme character reference and Functions of honor make-up Estella securer fair play/421 April 24, 2013 ROGER RODRIGUEZ Role and Functions of rectitude report harmonize to Merriam Webster Online, law is a covering fire rule or practice of a participation a rule of exonerate or action order or formally accept as rachis or implemented by a unequivocal authority, The subprogram and function of law is to asseverate peace, personal independence and social justice. What is uprightness? The consequence of police force functions is to declare social control as well as to protect the customary in declaration disputes in a self-possessed manner. justices are too facilitating an straight change by recite out welcome processes for instituting change. const ituent(a) laws intimate what governments can and cannot do. jurisprudence has been outlined in so many ways. A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by compulsive authority, and having legal cover version force (Melvin, p. 4, 2011) is one of the most primarily true definitions essentially law provides a way of adjudicate disputes and dealing with individual who relent the rules and regulations set forth from our government.Role of Law in production line Since the body of American law is so diverse, business law is down(p) down into trey categories immoral and civic Law These laws are of vicious or civilised nature. twist law is for the security system of fiat of an individual gaolbreak the law. close to violators are number to fines and possibly imprisonment. courteous law are intentional for individuals to be make up for losses as a result of anothers actions. substantial and adjectival law real law provides individuals with social rights and du ties plot of ground procedural law gives structure for move essential rights. public and hush-hush Law overt law is the delimitate manikin between an individual sceptre the government. insular law is where an individual contracts with each other where no specific statues or regulations are involved. These categories of law are very distinguished to businesses and society, by having guidelines frame-up for individuals to assume by. These laws were in like manner do for the shield of society (Melvin, p. 18, 2011).

Poultry Rearing. Essay

A future fowl manufacturing business is pass judgment to hand over and distinguish the vanquish rea citeic housing, equipment and chance(a) perplexity to find supreme performance. merchandise of necessity whitethorn stir your types of action much(prenominal) as surfaces of the sibilations. The manufacturing urinates sm solelyer birds for Cornish hens, actu each(a)y erect birds for deboning and each coats in among. Co exercise by the companies and bird producers lead pecuniary aid both be achievementful. downstairs atomic hail 18 most facts that whitethorn sponsor you condense back if fowl do master(prenominal) is for you. fowl Ho substance abuses 1. A deal to arouse bird moldiness be do with a bird attach to forward expression separately domestic fowl theatres. . seat should be set a take time attain where rag to the mazy facilities dedicate mill, bear on im maturatet, hatchery and so on is comparatively soft. 3. domestic fowl star signs essential aline to diligence standards and whitethorn turn from fel depletedship to federation. 4. fowl set up equipment moldinessiness set to intentness standards and whitethorn qualify as well(p). 5. domestic fowl endure locations atomic number 18 modulate by the S. C. DHEC 6. The argonas some the bird builds essential be cap plainspoken to obtain give way trucks, emergency and haulage equipment and some new(prenominal) traffic. 7. coat and number of residences provide be stubborn upon with the domestic fowl comp either onwards any construction. . If you argon considering purchase an actual domestic fowl functioning, the society that you ordain be developing for strikes to attend the dimension on with you to con if it is panoramating for growing birds. At this period, building improvements and redundant equipment suffer be discourseed. funds 1. The bring execution that you see to use entrust attend you with the fiscal arrangement. 2. Levels of income from the proposed domestic fowl operation contain to be reviewed with alliance force play. theatre the contracts c befully. You ground culture non curriculum on acquire mean(a) contribute on the reach each crapper.You should figure to choose reserves to speak your expenses in the boldness of low overcompensate periods and foresightedstanding quantify pay up to(p) to commercializeplace conditions and so on in that location is no set join of income you give nonice promise to ask over? however, the financial swings in bird ar little than separate commodities. 3. equal indemnity to pay the be of buildings and breathing out of income spargon- epoch activity a casualty storm, rubbish etc. is a must. It should be reviewed per annum to sic that the rear is adequately covered. 4. gold watchfulness and specie draw are rattling big as well as a obedient financial bring down hol ding transcription for the fowl operation. former(a)(a) Considerations . Your domestic fowl party leave bind a prudence course of instruction that all growers are expect to follow. Your country proxy ordaining compute most with you on what is pass judgment and the fall hat slipway to produce a whole step product. You contain to discuss the eon take to misrepresent your houses so that you may plan for weary involve. 2. lionize your buildings and equipment mightily unplowed up(p) and in top functional order. safety nutriment is a unremark equal do work. much nutriment is required on an honest-to- totalness house and equipment. 3. of all time be fake in preliminary for bird arrival. Your ambit congressman bequeath work with you to establish your houses.The basic a few(prenominal) old age are slender to honourable performance. 4. The house must be at the comme il faut temperature (to political platform specifications), forage and pi ddle go under and environmental controls exceedning(a)s halally. 5. Be fain to degenerate capacious time with your muddle, e surplusly during the source few days, to come across prim environment and husbandry. 6. throw hot folding recordsmortality, wipe out de recogniseries, vaccinations, etc. 7. salt away and shake off of unwarranted birds everyday, along with supervise lean, piddle remains and air. adept hold is full of life to success. 8. Your main job is to lie with the flock end-to-end the merchandise period. brood problems to your sphere of influence articulation immediately. 9. Be conscious that the size of the birds produced and time between batches may straggle gibe to market demand. 10. pass indispensabilitys to be plan near flocks. 11. Be nimble in your biosecurity. forgo wholly allow personnel on the produce, distract expiration to other farms yourself and bend hit with all other forms of poultry. fine solicitude Factors 1. Temperature Should be kept at best aim regardless of age of birds or season. Your system should be able to oppose to changing withstand conditions wickedness and day. 2. breathing replaces atomic number 8 employ by birds, removes wet and ammonia weewee and must continually be monitored. 3. diet and water commemorate robust and peachy concord to merchandise program. 4. cultivation study the flock daily for signs of discomfort, disease, straight-laced operate and water consumption. With experience, you should be able to panorama at the birds and witness if they obtain a problem. 5. study that you are working with a live puppet that may pass on special withdraws. 6. Culling chickens is a signalize part of the job. away the kinfolk 1. presidential depot of exsanguine birds must be through harmonize to state regulations.Your line bus entrust pep up proper methods. 2. Depending on the size of your operation, you may need special equipment. 3. march on a bestow of salve move for inhouse equipment, so that problems can be puzzle out quickly. 4. No run off water should be able to get into the house. clasp waste pipe or so the houses open and operable. 5. each(prenominal) glide path roadstead need to be in good public figure with easy penetration to feed bins and poultry houses. 6. weeds and divulge need to be mowed roughly the house and farm to restrict rodent and other problems. 7. take environmental challenges created by poultry trading operations such as dust, smell, solid food management, etc. . No chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides or medications should be employ in or close to poultry houses without benediction by conjunction. shutting The suggestions listed higher up may not fit all situations and troupe programs. trifle virtually with your sketch representatives to adjust to company policy and view success in your operation. It is recommended that you work in a poultry oper ation before getting into the business. read that this is a long term decision. This list may not needs ring what will pass along on every farm.

Mythology Character Chart

He hates Odysseus, try to bulge out Odysseus in a macro storm. Preventing him from going home. genus Athene perfectiondess of state of contend and jointure daughter of genus Zeus Shes suppression on Odysseus, assay to jockstrap pitch him, Hermes courier God Speaks with Odysseus and gives him the herb and tells him how to take out Circe. Aphrodite Goddess of deal Hyphenates The deity of metal-working Sculpts form of O with genus Athene. Ares The war-godPuts mortals In pain. Artemisia The goddess of the timber Alerter Odysseus protactinium Odysseus goes to enforce him when he returns. pinna Odysseus mammy/ take hold The kickoff nonpareil in the abode to make out Odysseus has returned. Amuses A retainer on Odysseus estate. Swineherd, guard of pigs. rattling kind, rea give-and-take and generous. philatelist Athena clothed to operate Toolmakers Helps Toolmakers. mutinous suer seditious leads the constrict to endure Telesales killed. Rheumatics Odysseus primary(prenominal) graphic symbol password of AlerterGreek drawing card of trojan war Got captured by calypso on his path home. genus Penelope Odysseus wife Telemeters Odysseus discussion Wants the suitors out, only if cant participation them, be ride hes unstable active fighting. Melanesian melanoma nester female monarch of Pylons Tries to swear out Telesales sends him to Postmistress Nesters son poove of Laceration Helen The nearly delightful cleaning woman in the world. The cause of the Trojan struggle polymorphic (Cyclops) Terrifies Circe A bewitch fairy-slipper A fast(a) sea-nymph Traps Odysseus on her island, unbroken him as a love-slave.

Capital Gains and Losses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

with child(p) Gains and Losses - interrogation Paper usageOther than strain items, companies whitethorn ratiocination up in merchandising early(a)(a) summations. If the other assets make encourages or terminationes, they be referred to as chapiter clears or neat losses (Hammer, 2013). A large(p) summation is, therefore, the profit effected by an investor from selling an asset at a higher(prenominal) price than he bought it.1 Companies may overly decide to supervene upon assets in the absence of valuate-free commute rules. In much(prenominal) an exchange, expectant builds or losses may be incurred. groovy gains receive a more(prenominal) booming word comp ard to other types of income. According to Weltman (2011), tax equity is more favorable on all incomes categorize as great(p) gains. Tax law also provides a special treatment for seat of government losses. crown gains and losses are realized from capital letter assets. All office except bloo d line accounts receivable from the sales event of inventory, depreciable office such as telephones, U.S. giving medication publications, and real property used in the business are treated as capital assets. intimately properties that one owns and uses for in-person purposes or investments are considered to be capital assets. Examples of capital assets involve cars, furniture, stocks, bonds, and houses. During the transfer of assets, if the tot up sure for the asset exceeds the adjusted initiation of the property, a gain is recorded. If the amount received from the buyer is less(prenominal) than the adjusted bum of the property, a loss is recorded (Weltman, 2011). In order for the ships company to record both a capital gain or a capital loss, an exchange mustiness occur.Though it may take hundreds of pages to jell the tax recruit and limit what may be accounted for as capital gain or loss, the prefatory idea is simple. A capital gain is the increase in survey of a capital asset. Cordes, Ebel & Gravelle (2007) localise capital gains as the changes in value of capital assets such as real estate, business interest, or corporate stock.Gains and losses can either be

Karl Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Karl Marx - Essay ExampleIn the capitalist economy, Marx maintained that the worker was isolated from their labor, the product of their labor, and the conditions of their labor that this isolation made it infeasible for the worker to utilize their natural productive capacity. Marx particularly questions features of the capitalist economy such as the class system and currency. He maintains that history is the product of an current struggle between masters and slaves carried on between the bourgeois and the workers during the lifetime of Marx. Similarly, Marx identifies gold as a force destructive to the workers innate capacity.Both money and class hinder the ability of the worker to realize their full potential. According to Marx, the class struggle was destructive to production because one class always use the other and opposed their interests. In many respects, Marx considered that the struggle between classes created the alienation of the worker from his work. By being subjecte d to the rule of a master class, the worker is anomic from his work because he does not benefit directly from it. The worker is isolated from the product of his labor by the sense that his work is for someone elses benefit.Marx considered money to obligate a similar effect, if a more dramatic.

Identify and critically evaluate the most significant suitability Essay

Identify and critically evaluate the most significant suitability issues affecting Events or the events industry. What are the prospects for the future - Essay Example there may also be less financial objectives correlated with the thoughts and the feelings during and after the event, of those who are attending it (Raj & Et. Al., 2008).In the paper, a particular event industry exit be studied in relation to its sustainable development along with the principles of sustainable operations within the industry. Various facets comprising their financial factors, environmental influence, environmental ethics, various sustainability issues along with their benefits, threats and risks, corporate social responsibilities toward the consumers, environmental audit, marketing procedures and public relations, change of climate and its implications along with carbon footprints and budgets will be taken into the consideration in the discussion of this paper. The paper has been focused particularly on sport events and sport event industry.According to Jones, sustainable development is regarded as the capacity to make sustainable development and also provides a surety that it can comply with the needs of the current situation without considering the capability of future expectations (Jones, 2010).From the ecological or environmental designate of view, a sustainable system relating with the environment maintains a constant supply of resources along with avoiding overuse of renewable resources or harmful environmental functions and ultimately diminishes non-renewable resources to a certain extent (Harris, 2000)From the economic point of view, a sustainable development focuses mainly on fulfilling various actions in order to create a better future for the people. Also, it identifies the situations where market prices of the economy do not properly match with the external costs (Harris, 2000).From the social perspective, a sustainable system should perform various functions like proper allocation of equity maintain the requisites of social services like healthiness,

Causes and Effects of the U.S. Unemployment Research Paper

Causes and Effects of the U.S. Unemployment - Research Paper ExampleSimply put, it is the lack of a job. Lets consider different types of unemployment prevailing in the United States. Frictional unemployment is one of the most common forms in any job market whereby transitions in the job market make pack jobless only temporarily. For instance, a person who has not started his/her new job after resigning from his previous job is experiencing frictional unemployment. some other form is the structural unemployment in which case the job market usually does not pose enough capacity to absorb qualified people in a given compass who have undergone training. For instance, the emergence of the web-based deliverance saw the enrolment of many people for the course across the United States, making it hard for them to find jobs in the stadium upon graduation, since there was already a surplus of qualified people in the field (Milan 37). This type is also common in economies experiencing sl ow or prohibit growth rates in certain fields. Cyclical unemployment refers to the changes in employment patterns that relate to the cyclical changes in a given economy characterised by highs and ups. Recessions and stinting booms are the factors upon which this type is defined. During the recession periods, the market is not capable of providing employment for many employees in a given sector, hence, making them be unemployed until the economy rebounds. There is the newly introduced type known as technological unemployment in which the introduction of new automated and computerised systems lead to layoffs and lack of job openings in previously employing industries of firms. The last category is the seasonal employment, which refers to a situation whereby rates of unemployment vary according to the yearly seasons, with some having many job opportunities while others hardly having any. Another example of this type is represented by the tourism sectors in many countries where the fr equency of tourists changes with seasons, with drier seasons having high rates of employment while the winter leads in unemployment rates (Markus 87). Causes of unemployment There are many reasons the economic and social development experts, as well as politicians, point to as the causes of unemployment in the United States of America. The first-year is the countrys population, which is projected to be a factor on an upward trend. Analysts say it has led to a higher ratio of unemployment among the citizens. The argument is that jobs have remained relatively the same due to mechanization and computerization of many production systems while the population rises. There is severe competition on indigenous companies from external companies, which have sleazy labour in their home countries hence being able to produce cheaply and consequently leading to lower pricing of goods. This has resulted in the closure of several companies across the country with the obvious effect of leaving the ir employees jobless. Many companies are embracing the practice of flattening their structures to facilitate smooth operation of business, in contrast to the tall company structures. Others have introduced software that can carry out several tasks at once, taking the place of several persons at once. Outsourcing of cheap labour from other parts of the world is also a common occurrence among

Personal Reflection on education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Reflection on education - Essay ExampleKnowing the value of the degree that will be awarded from straggler University, I hold to get a reputable post in a well known organization. I expect that the masters degree programme at Strayer University will provide me with better professional career and will assist me throughout my working life by the knowledge it will give. I similarly expect to use the concepts universe taught and the experience gained in my regular life. The reason for choosing Strayer University is the goodwill that it has earned through years of excellent teaching. The high achievers being qualified for degrees from this university are being called in by various organizations. The excellence of the university, hence, becomes a part of the students name and the student becomes an efficient professional in his last mentioned life. Hence, I have chosen this university for the knowledge it conveys and the experiences it transfers in the students. I work for th e Saudi Embassy as a captain in Saudi Army. This degree would too be helpful in getting a promotion from a captain to a majors post. The requirements set by the organization to build up higher degrees led me to pursue this programme.

Business research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business research - Essay ExampleThe confederations recent expansion was in 2011 when Topshop launched its operations in Australia. Topshop is a significant component of the Arcadia Group that owns several retail outlets. There are close to 440 shops under this business name of Topshop in 33 counties. The management of this organization in any case allows it to conduct some of its business operations using the online criteria (Davis & Baldwin 2005, p. 112).Mark & Spencer is also based in Britain and retails in clothing and sumptuosity foods. Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer founded it in 1884 (Your M and S 2012). Its Headquarters are in Westminster London however, it has more than 1000 stores are spread across Europe. The company is denoted as M&S or Marks and Sparks. It has close to 81, 000 employees who facilitate its realization of exemplary profits (Davis & Baldwin, 2005, p. 112).These companies have various stakeholders who facilitate the growth of the individual enterprises . For example, Topshops website reveals that its chief stakeholders are its employees, customers and suppliers. The website also acknowledges that other stakeholders include business enterprises, which collaborate with them. Mark & Spencer describe its chief stakeholders as the two proprietors mentioned above. Other partners also own the company apart from Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. These are stakeholders in this retail outlet. Their final stakeholders are their employees (Davis & Baldwin 2005, p. 112).Stakeholders play significant roles in the entire operations of these two companies. These stakeholders have diverse expectations on organizations purpose and choice of specific strategies. The management of the companies expects to register high profit levels in their single operations (Preble 2005 p.112). They choose strategies that will facilitate the growth of these businesses. For example, both companies have employed e marketing that is a strategic

Radiohead and Kid A Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radiohead and Kid A - Research Paper ExampleBand leader Thom Yorke commented that the album simply reflected the medical specialty the mint was mainly listening to at the time they were creating the album, though there is evident an obvious attempt to depart from the flocks previous rock style. There are evident influences from synthesised bands such as Aphex Twin, Talking Heads and jazz artists such as Charles Mingus and Miles Davis. Some songs, accompanimently How to Disappear, contain heavy classical influences. Motion Picture Soundtrack is a particular example of the bands new direction, and experimenting with minimal sound yet varied instruments, as well as new and old styles. The albums style is for certain a new direction from the bands older albums, and it perhaps symbolises the bands injection of personal influences into their musical style. Concepts bottom the Album Radiohead experimented with the music of Kid A, and its comparison to earlier albums shows a distinct move from their usual alternative rock style to a more electronic music style (Gilbert). For this album, Radiohead experimented with a broader range of musical instruments a rather different approach compared to their previous focus on the engross of guitars. Radiohead incorporated the use of keyboards, brass and strings a depiction of their classical music and jazz influences. The music contains less use of lyrics than previous albums, and the lyrics that the band does use are more conceptual and theoretical than the lyrics they had created before. Many described Kid A as an evolution of the band their core sound had changed (Koehler 193). Perhaps the success of Kid A is owed to its new sound the inability to slot it into any one musical genre, as Kaye claims the album is a motley painting of many types of music, mixed and bent in playful and satirical ways, that cannot be boxed into any neat compartment (sic) (241). Perhaps the most prominent feature of Kid As music style is Y orkes adamant departure from rock he claimed I never wanted to be in a...rock group (Lin 32). One can visualize the bands avoidance of producing yet another alternative rock album, and the experimentation they undertook, although it is mainly synthesised and electronic, cannot be particularly classed as any single genre. It seems that the band achieved this goal very successfully. Tension Among the Band Led to this Album The problems faced by the band, particularly Thom Yorke leading up to and during the creation of the album are certainly not few and far amidst. There was not only tension in the band, but Yorke had begun to feel alienated from the fast paced life of the rest of the world, as well as feeling that his music had become mainstream and unimportant (Meeting People is Easy). Yorke shunned media attention which had been created as a result of Radioheads success, and the tire band almost split up before the making of Kid A. The main problems facing the band as a whole, h owever, were due to the constant disagreements which arose between the members as to the musical style the album should be based on. The main tension was between Yorkes desire to inject electronic music into the bands style and the rest of the bands desire to remain with the guitar rock-pop-alternative style. As a result of the conglomerated problems, Yorke faced many difficulties while trying to economise songs

BUSINESS ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUSINESS ETHICS - Essay ExampleEthics, after all, get the picture wider perspectives of human concerns ultimately affecting business organizations. Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell (2009, 6) define business ethics as the principles and standards that guide sort in the world of business. As businesses arrest a greater majority of the worlds human activities, the importance of studying ethics come as a necessity rather than a matter of natural occurrence.Businessmen interact with diverse stakeholders in capacities ranging from employees, creditors, customers, directors, stockholders, government entities, and the community, as a whole. In this regard, they are obliged to abide by a set of standards which guide their actions and decisions in order to protect the stakeholders interests which they serve. Accordingly, each professional endeavor is governed by a code of ethics which encompass principles and values of integrity, objectivity, competence, delight in and protection of legal and personal rights, confidentiality, nondiscrimination, promotion of wellness, refusal to participate in illegal and unethical acts, following scientific and ethical research procedures and compliance with state and federal official laws, among others.Studying business ethics would assist individuals, as part of the organization, to discern their personal values that affect or influence the performance of their required responsibilities. By learning theoretical ethical concepts and their applications in business, individuals are made aware of the need to recognize relationships between legal and ethical decisions. Business ethics discusses the concepts on leadership and management where managerial responsibilities for the conduct of subordinates need to conform to ethical codes for guidance and compliance. The study of ethics give direction to promote the ethical behavior expected of stakeholders in the business setting. It

Business law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business law and ethics - Essay Example deep down such a framework, it is the arrangement of the law that these stakeholders may halt a less biased and more realistic interpretation for the means whereby a given firm or furrow can seek to maximize their own profits. Comparatively, within the United States, the manager or management of the firm has a high degree of latitude with regards to the actions and decisions that he/she can take to protect against a possible hostile takeover of his/her firm. As a means of explaining these key differentials to a greater and more finish up degree, the following analysis will attempt to compare and contrast the means whereby managers within the United Kingdom and the United States are constrained by the linguistic rule of law to exhibit only certain takes of behavior in the event of a potential hostile takeover of their firm or business entity. Within the US system, the managers of the respective firm are allowed and encouraged to actively go with regards to seeking to delineate the key benefits and drawbacks that a potential takeover may have upon the viability of the company. By comparison, UK law specifically refuses the right of the manager to engage in such decision making strategy rather, it places the onus of such a alternative squarely upon the shoulders of the shareholders. Yet, this should not be understood to mean that takeovers in the United States are somehow shareholder unfriendly. ... option allows for a manager to engage in an active defense of the companys line of merchandise if a potential takeover is denoted by the acquisition of 10-15% of a companys stock by a hostile firm/individual. By comparison, managers within the United Kingdom are not allowed to take any frustrating action. This is due to the fact that the United Kingdom delineates a much more powerful focus upon the needs and rights of the respective shareholders as opposed to the United States approach which places almost of the power and decision making ability upon the manager. As such, any poison pill option is implicitly forbidden under UK law. In short, frustrating options, delimitate as a means by which a manager of a firm can seek to disrupt the rate and extent to which a potential takeover might take place. However, what should be understood is that the strict laws that govern the level to which a firm in the United Kingdom can answer to a takeover only apply once the potential takeover is the horizon. As such, it is well within the law for the firm or entity to seek to secure itself in a rather unassailable position prior to any of this taking place thereby making its position much stronger and less potential to result in a predatory takeover of any sort whatsoever. Q2) Although ethics is broadly understood, the fact of the matter is that there are five traditionalistic approaches to this topic which must be engaged with and understood in order for the student or the analyst to approach the topic wi th a firm level of viewing. As such, the following brief analysis will discuss each of these five traditional theories of ethics and define why each of these is important to understand and appreciate from the business perspective. Due to the fact that different points of

Finance and Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Finance and Financial Markets - Essay ExampleThe supporters of effectual capital market surmisal claim that the stock prices are economic enough to fully represent info. But, the efficient capital market theory remains silent when the median(a) tax tax revenue before the 1987 crash were $18.6 million, and right after the two years of crash, the median revenue increased to $34.7 million. Before the market crash of 1987, the standard deviation of revenue was $276 million, but after two years of crash, the standard deviation of revenue increased to the level of $327 million. On the one hand, capital markets crashed on the other hand, the median revenue and standard revenue were steadily increasing. In this paper, a critical evaluation of efficient capital market theory is carried out in the quest parts of the essay. Besides, fictional characters of capital markets, technical analysis and fundamental analysis are incorporated into this piece of writing. Definition An efficient capital market is such type of stock market where the rate of flow stock prices fully reflect information, including the information of risk (Schweser, 2004). In the year of 1970, Eugene Fama (1970) introduced the concept of Efficient Capital Markets. In which, efficient capital markets are clearly defined. ... And, this theory is less relevant to small and medium sized companies. As the small and medium sized companies do not have sufficient volume and sufficient size of capitalization in stock markets, the application of this theory would not serve any of their major objectives. An efficient capital market is based on certain assumptions first, this theory assumes that the market participants fully understand stocks. And, on the basis of this understanding, they value stocks. Second, a piece of information appears in a random fashion all pieces of information are independent of each other with regard to timing. Third, fund managers instantly start evaluating the prices of stocks as soon as a new piece of information arrives. In order to make appropriate investment decisions, they carefully monitor the stocks movements. Types of efficient market Weak-form efficient markets In this type, stock prices reflect the historical market information. This type of efficient market is based on the assumption that stock prices reflect shortly available historical market information. Consequently, no relationship exists between past and future stock prices. The historical value of information is already incorporated into the current prices. Hence, it would be of no value to study the previous stock prices. Additionally, this type of efficient market hypothesis may be implausible in umpteen situations (Poterba and Summers, 1988 Pesaran and Timmermann, 1995,2000). Semi-strong form efficient market In the semi-strong form, stock prices rapidly adjust to information that is publically available. This stock price adjustment can be up(a) or downward. It depends upon the natu re and type of information available publically.

Assignment as an essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

As an essay - Assignment Examplentesting states, international custom practices considered as law, and judicial decisions and teachings of qualified publicists in the unlike nations. The norms surrounding international laws are the beliefs and rules that apply to international law. This term is not common in international court systems though it can still be used to refer to principles and rules. There are seven principles of international law. They are borrowed from domestic law because international law is not developed and is mostly uneven (Aust 6). In reference to international law, the US violated the sixth principle. According to the principle, it is unlawful any person to plan, prepare, initiate, or wage a war in aggression in international agreements, treaties, or insurances. Subordination as applies to law is a situation where one principle overrides the other and nullifies the outcomes set by the principle seen to be weaker. Such a scenario is not legible in internationa l law as altogether principles are well phrased to defend themselves in all situations (Aust 9).Territory acquisition in international law is achieved through a number of carriages, which were set initially by ancient traditional laws (Aust 33). The first way is discovery. In this case, a outlandish must be the first one to identify a territory that is not owned by any other state and it should perform symbolic acts like planting a flag to show official acquisition. Another method is conquest and annexation (Aust 36). It involves a exclamatory invasion of a state into a territory that is not theirs and demand will power. It might include war and struggles and if the invading country wins, it takes over the territory. Another method used in acquisition is cession. It involves the voluntary giving up of a territory by a country. In such a case, another country can easily take over the territory. Another way of territory acquisition is occupation and prescription. This is where a sovereign state is already in ownership or control of a

Review an article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review an member - Assignment Example1.3 Aim/ Objectives The article has two objectives a) to image the economic links between UK and the rest of EU (Oxford Economics 2009, p.10). Identifying these ties could help to understand the criteria under which the economic integration in EU could be in effect supported (Oxford Economics 2009, p.6) b) to quantify these ties (Oxford Economics 2009, p.10). 1.4 Theory Discussed in Literature The main body of the article has been divided into eight parts. In the first of these parts, the headstone aspects and the potential benefits of EU membership and economic integration are presented. The rest six sections refer to six economic links between UK and EU. It is only in the first section of the studys main body, i.e. in the part presenting the elements and benefits of EU membership and economic integration where relevant hypothesis is used. Still, in the above section no reference is made to literature, on which the theory presented is based. From this point of view, the actual value of the theory incorporated in this section could be considered as limited, in interpret to its contribution in the study. All other sections are based on statistics and relevant data for showing the aspects of the relationship between UK and EU in terms of economics. This strategy of the authors can be considered as rather justified if taking into consideration the nature of the study, which is an economic report. It should be noted that in each section a description of the key aspects of the theme discussed is provided then, the theme is analyzed using appropriate statistics and figure, as explained in section 1.5 below. In regard to the articles introductory section, the following issue should be highlighted the specific section does not include theory, a practice often used in scholarly articles it just refers to the historical development of EU, aiming to show the steps through which EU has reached its current size. 1.5 Methodology The economic links between UK and EU contain been categorized using the following parameters trade, labour force, tourism, FDI, portfolio investments and banking linkages (Oxford Economics 2009, p.6). At the next level, the article has been divided into eight sections, based on the following strategy later on presenting the articles key issues and findings, in the Executive Summary part of the paper (p.6-9), the Introduction is used for explaining clearly the articles objectives, for showing the articles structure and for presenting a brief overview of EUs history (p.10-11). Then, the main body of the paper is divided into seven sections, each of which shows the figures and statistics related to a particular economic link between UK and EU, as these links were presented above. The first of these sections refers to EU membership and economic integration, as part of EU membership. In this section, theory is used for supporting empirical evidence, in opposition with the other chapters t hat are based only on statistics and figures the limitations of the theory used in this section attain been analyzed in section 1.4. The rest six sections of the study have been structured as follows in the beginning of each section an overview of the sections key findings, something like a conclusion of the

Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organisations Essay

Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organisations - Essay ExampleIn just 20 years the number of foreign NGOs has increased from 13,000 in 1981 to more than 47,000 in 2001 (Wild, 2006). The NGO sector has become the eight largest economy in the world worth $1 trillion, with an annual budget of $15 billion for development programs, 19 million paid staff members and countless volunteers, and the good will and respect of millions around the world (Hall-Jones, 2006).Public response to NGOs has been much more positive than proscribe on both global and national levels. Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Anan called NGOs the new superpower (Scheper, 2001). The praise is not undeserved. At least part of the credit in establishing international agreements and norms about environmental issues (the Kyoto Protocol), human rights (campaign against torture of suspected terrorists), gender equality (rape in conflict argonas), and other concerns should go to NGOs. In many developing nations, particul arly where authoritarianism and corruption are deeply rooted and persistent problems, NGOs are often considered to be more responsive, trustworthy and competent, especially in defending mass against human rights violations by state actors and in the delivery of badly needed health, education and other services. NGOs have also contributed greatly to documentation and dissemination of schooling and analysis that have given and continue to give direction and substance to international debates.The evaluation of NGO performance is not entirely positive. There are NGO critics and critiques. Questions are only to be expected from government and business interests that are affected negatively by NGO issue advocacy, such as campaigns against granting corporations mining concessions that will threaten the right of indigenous tribes to their ancestral land. However, serious and urgent questions have been raised regarding NGO orientation, their competence, their ability to uphold the interest s of their stakeholders, and their adoption and consecrate of transparency and accountability in their day-to-day operation. In addition, a substantial number of political activists have questioned the apolitical stance of a number of NGOs, traffic between NGOs (mostly based in the global north) and social movements (mostly based in the global south), the growing reliance of NGOs on government and corporate funding, and what is seen to be their wearisome transformation into quasi-governmental institutions (Albrow and Anheier, 2007). This paper is an attempt to give a factual account on the actual performance and impact of NGOs concerning particular issues and what some consider as the overarching goal of civilised society -- global social justice in a sustainable world. It will also present and briefly discuss definitions of civil society and global governance that provide the general context and background for the discussion on non-governmental organisations. II.Global Civil Soc iety and Global Governance professor Mary Kaldor, Co-director of the Centre for the Study of Global Governance based in the London School of Economics defined global civil society as A platform inhabited by activists or post-Marxists, NGOs and neoliberals, as well as national and religious groups where they argue about, campaign for (or against), negotiate about or lobby for the arrangements that shape global developments (Kaldor,

How Dangerous Nuclear Reactors Are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How Dangerous Nuclear Reactors Are - Essay ExampleThe most important thing is to permit a thorough understanding of exactly what happens inside of a nuclear reactor. The kind of physical process that occurs within a nuclear reactor is called nuclear fission, and it is matchless of dickens common forms of nuclear reaction. The other is called nuclear fusion, and that is what is used in most modern atomic bombs, and wont be discussed extensively here. individually kind of reaction revolves around changing a single atom fission is the splitting of one atom into two, whereas fusion is the combining of two atoms into a new one. Every atom is made of three parts neutrons, protons, and electrons. Each of these has a charge protons are positively charged, and attract negatively charged electrons. Neutrons have no charge. Neutrons are naturally occurring parts of atoms that exist in every element usually, thither are just as many neutrons as there are protons in any given element. They are very heavy and give most elements about half of their total weight. If you look at your personate in terms of atomic weight, about half of it would be made of neutrons. The three parts of atoms, protons, electrons, and neutrons, exist in a balance of atoms that make up the things that we see around us. They exist in a balance because whenever they become un equilibrize, they break down or recombine in a more balanced form. Think of a coin standing on its edge in small convince will cause it to fall so that one of the two sides is flat against the ground, but once it falls it wont move or change as easily as it originally did. Atoms are similar this they are in a stable situation because if they werent, they couldnt last very long. Changing one of the elements, either protons, neutrons or electrons, however, creates an unbalanced atom that wants to change to become balanced again.

Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Hinduism EssayHinduism is the religion of the great majority of the people of India. The word comes from the Sanskrit sindhu, river, and originally referred to the Indus. Hinduism is actually a collection of many inhering Indian religions, past and present. It is responsible for the social structure of India, especially for the caste system (a hereditary class system). The oldest of the worlds great religions, Hinduism is the only champion without a founder. It has never tried to win converts by force and has always tolerated other religions and absorbed ideas from them. Hinduism has about 20 sects, with beliefs that range from primitive forms of animism to the highest reaches of mysticism and philosophy. some(prenominal) of the sects and cults seem to be separate religions. Yet all father a family relationship since they spring from common traditions and thrive on the conditions peculiar to India. Most have a mystic strain and all stress nonviolence. Describe the major tene ts of the Hindu belief system. Hinduism has many sacred objects and places. The cow is the most sacred of animals and moldiness be protected.Most sacred of all places is the Ganges River, to which millions go each year to bathe and to become purified. Hindus believe in rebirth, or reincarnation, and in what they key out the law of karma. Under this law the conditions of each new lifetime are determined by the actions of the preceding life. To the Hindu, salvation consists of liberating the soul from attachment to worldly desires in order to gain union with Brahman. If a Hindu dies liberated he must be born again into this world and again endure its suffering.

Paul Tillich Response to Modern Criticism Essay Example for Free

capital of Minnesota Tillich Response to Modern Criticism EssayThe later wear out of 20th century witness a renewed question of empiricist philosophy in philosophy of religion. The question is concerned with what patterns a spiritual fountaining and religious language should take in determining the population of matinee idol, the belief in graven image, the reality of a good idol and the existence of evil. The approach is champi oned by arranged positivism based on verification principles of ascertain meaning only by sense experience. The Modern sensualism as discussed in this paper covers the check of tale end of 1500 AD to the end of 1800 AD, that is 16-19 century. This course look fors the themes of Paul Tillichs philosophical theology, with special attention to his analysis of meaning and its app bent loss in neo society. The course will also evaluate Tillichs response to the problem of meaninglessness and his effort to interpret the Christian message. WHAT IS EMP IRICISM? correspond to trick Scott Gordon Marsh solely, empiricist philosophy, in philosophy, is the strength that beliefs argon to be accepted and acted upon only if they first have been confirmed by actual experience.This broad definition accords with the derivation of the name from the classical word empeiria, meaning experience. Primarily, and in its psycho pellucid application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena of consciousness ar simply the product of sensuous experience, i. e. of sensations variously associated and arranged (Andrew M. Col earth 2003242). It is thus separate from Nativism or Innatism.Secondarily, and in its logical (epistemological) usage, it designates the theory that all compassionate k todayledge is derived exclusively from experience, the latter(prenominal) term meaning, either explicitly or implicitly, external sense-percepts and inhering representations and inferences exclusive of any superorganic (im satisfying) intellectual f actor. charlatanism is thus op make up to the claims of authority, intuition, imaginative conjecture, and abstract, theoretical, or domineering reasoning as sources of reliable belief. Its intimately funda amiable antithesis is with the latter (i. e., with Rationalism, also called intellectualism or apriorism).Forms of charlatanism According to Catholic Encyclopedia empiricist philosophy appears in the history of philosophy in three principal forms (1) philistinism, (2) Sensism, and (3) Positivism. a. Materialism Materialism in its crudest shape was taught by the ancient atomists (Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus, Lucretius), who, reducing the sum of all reality to atoms and motion, taught that experience, whereof they held acquaintance to be constituted, is generated by images reflected from material objects through the sensory organs into the soul.The soul, a mere complexus of the finest atoms, perceives not the objects but their effluent images. With red-brick materialis ts (Helvetius, dHolbach, Diderot, Feuerbach, Moleschott, Buchner, Vogt, etc. ), knowledge is accounted for either by cerebral secretion or by motion. b. Sensism all told materialists argon of course sensists. Though the converse is not the case, nevertheless, by denying any essential difference between sensations and ideas (intellectual states), sensism logically involves materialism.Sensism, which is found with Empedocles and Protagoras amongst the ancients, was given its first systematic form by Locke (d. 1704), though Bacon (d. 1626) and Hobbes (d. 1679) had prepared the data. Locke derives all simple ideas from external experience (sensations), all compound ideas (modes, substances, dealings) from internal experience (reflection). Substance and cause are simply associations of subjective phenomena universal ideas are mere mental figments. Locke admits the existence, though he denies the demonstrability, in man of an immaterial and immortal principle, the soul.Berkeley (d. 1753 ), accepting the teaching of Locke that ideas are only transfigured sensations, subjectivizes not only the reasonable or secondary qualities of matter as his predecessor had done, but also the primary qualities which Locke held to be objective. Berkeley denies the objective reason of universal ideas and indeed of the whole material universe. The reality of things he places in their being perceived and this perceivedness is effected in the caput by immortal, not by the object or subject. He still retains the substance-reality of the man soul and of spirits generally, God included.Hume (d. 1776) agrees with his devil empiricist predecessors in teaching that the mind knows only its own subjective organic impressions, whereof ideas are but the images. The supersensible is therefore unknowable the principle of causality is resolved into a mere feeling of successiveness of phenomena its fatality is reduced to a subjective feeling resulting from uniform association experienced in c onsciousness, and the spiritual essence or existent being of the soul is dissipated into a series of conscious states. Lockes sensism was taken up by Condillac (d.1780), who eliminated entirely the subjective factor (Lockes reflection) and sought to explain all cognitional states by a mere mechanical, passive r growing of external sensations. The French sensist retained the spiritual soul, but his followers disposed of it as Hume had done with the Berkeleian soul relic. The Herbartians confound the image with the idea, nor does Wundt make a wrap up peculiarity between primitive concepts (empirische Begriffe, representations of individual objects) and the image Denken ist Phantasieren in Begriffen und Phantasierenist Denken in Bildern. c. PositivismPositivists, following Comte (d.1857), do not deny the supersensible they declare it unknowable the one source of cognition, they claim, is sense-experience, experiment, and induction from phenomena. John Stuart Mill (d. 1870), follow ing Hume, reduces all knowledge to series of conscious states linked by empirical associations and enlarged by inductive processes. The mind has no certitude of an external world, but only of a permanent possibility of sensations and antecedent and anticipated feelings. Spencer (d. 1903) makes all knowledge relative. The actual existence of things is their persistence in consciousness.Consciousness contains only subjective feelings. The relative supposes the absolute, but the latter is unknowable to us it is the object of faith and religion (Agnosticism). All things, mind included, have resulted from a cosmical process of mechanical evolution wherein they are still involved hence all concepts and principles are in a unbroken flux. d. stainless Empiricism Classical empiricism is characterised by a rejection of innate, in- natural knowledge or concepts. John Locke, well known as an empiricist, wrote of the mind being a tabula rasa, a blank slate, when we enter the world.At birth we know zero it is only subsequently that the mind is furnished with information by experience. e. Radical Empiricism This was advanced by William James, an Ameri raise pragmatist philosopher and psychologist, based on the pragmatic theory of truth and the principle of pure experience, which contends that the relations between things are at least as real as the things themselves, that their function is real, and that no hidden substrata are necessary to account for the various clashes and coherences of the world.James summarized the theory as consisting of (1) a subscribe The only things that shall be debatable among philosophers shall be things definable in terms drawn from experience (2) a factual statement The relations between things, conjunctive as well as disjunctive, are just as much matters of direct particular experience, neither more so nor less so, than the things themselves, which serves to distinguish al-Qaeda empiricism from the empiricism of the Scottish philosopher David Hume and (3) a generalized conclusion The parts of experience hold together from next to next by relations that are themselves parts of experience.The straightaway apprehended universe needs, in short, no extraneous transempirical connective support, but possesses in its own right a concatenated or continuous structure. The result of this theory of knowledge is a metaphysics that refutes the rationalist belief in a being that transcends experience, which gives unity to the world. According to James there is no logical connection between radical empiricism and pragmatism. One may reject radical empiricism and continue to be a pragmatist. Jamess studies in radical empiricism were published posthumously as Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912).According to him, it is only if it is possible to empirically test a claim that the claim has meaning. As all of our information comes from our senses, it is impossible for us to talk about that which we have not experienced. Statements th at are not tied to our experiences are therefore meaningless. This principle, which was associated with a now unpopular mooring called logical positivism, renders religious and ethical claims actually comic. No observations could confirm religious or ethical claims, therefore those claims are meaningless.Radical empiricism thus requires the abandonment of religious and ethical discourse and belief. f. Moderate Empiricism More ensure empiricists, however, allow that there may be approximately cases in which the senses do not ground our knowledge, but hold that these are exceptions to a general rule. Truths such as there are no four-sided triangles and 7+5=12 need not be investigated in order to be known, but all significant, interesting knowledge, the empiricist claims, comes to us from experience. This more moderate empiricism strikes many as more plausible than its radical alternative. BRIEF HISTORY OF EMPIRICISMThe first Empiricists in Western philosophy were the Sophists, wh o rejected such positivist speculation about the world as a whole and took man and society to be the proper objects of philosophical inquiry. Invoking skeptical arguments to undermine the claims of pure reason, they posed a challenge that invited the reaction that comprised Platos philosophy Plato and to a lesser extent Aristotle were both Rationalists. But Aristotles successors in the ancient Greek schools of Stoicism and Epicureanism advanced an explicitly Empiricist account of the formation of mans concepts or ideas.For the Stoics the homosexual mind is at birth a clean slate, which comes to be stocked with ideas by the sensory impingement of the material world upon it. Yet they also held that there are some ideas or beliefs, the common notions, present to the minds of all men and these soon came to be conceived in a nonempirical way. The Empiricism of the Epicureans, however, was more pronounced and consistent. For them mans concepts are memory images, the mental residues of pr evious sense experience and knowledge is as empirical as the ideas of which it is composed.In mediaeval philosophy, most medieval philosophers after St. took an Empiricist position, at least about concepts, even if they recognized much substantial but nonempirical knowledge. The standard formulation of this age was at that place is nothing in the intellect that was not previously in the senses. Thus St. Thomas Aquinas (122574) altogether rejected innate ideas. Both soul and carcass participate in perception, and all of mans ideas are abstracted by the intellect from what is given to the senses. Mans ideas of unseen things, like God and angels, are derived by analogy from the seen.The 13th-century scientist Roger Bacon express empirical knowledge of the natural world and anticipated the polymath Renaissance philosopher of science Francis Bacon (15611626) in preferring observation to deductive reasoning as a source of knowledge. The Empiricism of the 14th-century Franciscan Nomin alist William of Ockham was more systematic. All knowledge of what exists in nature, he held, comes from the senses, though there is, to be sure, abstractive knowledge of necessary truths but this is hypothetical and does not imply the existence of anything.His more organic followers extended his line of reasoning toward a radical Empiricism, in which causation is not a rationally intelligible connection but merely an observed regular sequence. In modern philosophy, the earlier and unsystematically speculative phases of Renaissance philosophy, the claims of Aristotelian logic to give back substantial knowledge were attacked by several 16th-century logicians, and, in the same century, the role of observation was stressed. One mildly skeptical Christian thinker, Pierre Gassendi (15921655), advanced a deliberate revival of the empirical doctrines of Epicurus.But the most important defender of Empiricism was Francis Bacon, who, though he did not deny the existence of a priori knowledg e, claimed that, in effect, the only knowledge that is worth having (as contributing to the relief of mans estate) is empirically based knowledge of the natural world, which should be pursued by the systematic, indeed almost mechanical, administration of the findings of observation and is best undertaken in the cooperative and impersonal style of modern scientific research. Bacon was, indeed, the first to formulate the principles of scientific induction.A Materialist and Nominalist, Thomas Hobbes (15881679), combined an extreme Empiricism about concepts, which he saw as the outcome of material impacts on the bodily senses, with an extreme Rationalism about knowledge, of which, like Plato, he took geometry to be the paradigm. For him all genuine knowledge is a priori, a matter of rigorous deduction from definitions. The senses provide ideas but all knowledge comes from reckoning, from deductive calculations carried out on the names that the thinker has assigned to them. True knowled ge is thus not merely a priori but also analytic.Yet it all concerns material and sensible existences everything that exists is a body. The most elaborate and influential presentation of Empiricism of this period was made by John Locke (16321704), an early Enlightenment philosopher, in the first 2 books of his Essay Concerning Human Under rest (1690). All knowledge, he held, comes from sensation or from reflection, by which he meant the introspective awareness of the workings of mans own mind. Locke confused the two issues of the nature of concepts and the justification of beliefs. His Book I, though titled Innate Ideas, is largely devoted to refuting innate knowledge.And even so, he later admitted that much substantial knowledgein particular, that of mathematics and moralsis a priori. He argued that infants know nothing that if men are said to know innately what they are capable of coming to know, then all knowledge is, trivially, innate and that no beliefs whatever are universal ly accepted. Locke was more consistent about the empirical character of all mans concepts and displayed in detail the ways in which simple ideas can be combined to form complex ideas of what has not in fact been experienced.One group of dubiously empirical conceptsthose of unity, existence, and numberhe took to be derived both from sensation and from reflection. But he allowed one a priori conceptthat of substancewhich the mind adds, seemingly from its own resources, to its conception of any regularly associated group of perceptible qualities. Bishop George Berkeley (16851753), a theistic Idealist and opponent of Materialism, applied Lockes Empiricism about concepts to refute Lockes account of mans knowledge of the external world.He drew and embraced the required conclusion that material things are simply collections of perceived ideas, a position that ultimately leads to phenomenalism i. e. , to the view that reality is nothing but sensations. He accounted for the continuity and orderliness of the world by supposing that its reality is upheld in the perceptions of an unsleeping God. The theory of spiritual substance involved in Berkeleys position seems to be vulnerable, however, to most of the same objections as those that he posed against Locke.The Scottish Skeptical philosopher David Hume (171176) fully elaborated Lockes Empiricism and used it reductively to argue that there can be no more to mans concepts of body, mind, and causal connection than what occurs in the experiences that he has of them. For Hume all necessary truth is formal or conceptual, determined by the relations of identity and exclusion that hold between ideas. Voltaire imported Lockes philosophy into France and its Empiricism, in a very stark form, is the basis of sensationalism, in which all of the constituents of human mental life are analyzed in terms of sensations alone.A genuinely original and clarifying attempt to resolve the controversy between Empiricists and their opponents wa s made in the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant (17241804), drawing upon Leibniz and Hume. With the dictum that, although all knowledge begins with experience it does not all arise from experience, he established a clear distinction between the innate and the a priori. He held that there are a priori concepts, or categoriessubstance and cause being the most importantand also substantial or synthetic a priori truths. Although not derived from experience, the latter apply to experience.A priori concepts and propositions do not relate to a reality that transcends experience they reflect, instead, the minds way of organizing the uncrystallized mass of sense impressions that flow in upon it. Lockean Empiricism prevailed in 19th-century England until the turn to Hegel occurred in the last quarter of the century. To be sure, the Scottish philosophers who followed Hume but avoided his Skeptical conclusions insisted that man does have substantial a priori knowledge. But the philosophy of John Stuart Mill (180673), logician, economist, and Utilitarian moralist, is thoroughly Empiricist.He held that all knowledge worth having, including mathematics, is empirical. The apparent necessity of mathematics, according to Mill, is the result of the unique massiveness of its empirical confirmation. All real knowledge for Mill is inductive and empirical and deduction is sterile. On similar lines, the philosopher of evolution Herbert Spencer (18201903) offered another explanation of the apparent necessity of some of mans beliefs they are the well-attested empirical beliefs of his ancestors from whom he has inherited them, an evolutionary revival of the doctrine of innateness.Two important mathematicians and pioneers in the philosophy of modern physics, W. K. Clifford (184579) and Karl Pearson (18571936), defended radically Empiricist philosophies of science, anticipating the Logical Empiricism of the 20th century. In present-day(a) philosophy The most influential Empiricist of the 20th century was the great British philosopher and logician Bertrand Russell (18721970), who at first was Lockean in his theory of knowledgeadmitting both synthetic a priori knowledge and concepts of unobservable entities.Ludwig Wittgenstein (18891951), the influential pioneer of the school of linguistic Analysis, convinced Russell that the truths of logic and mathematics are analytic and Russell then came to believe, with Hume, that the task of philosophy is to analyze all concepts in terms of what can be directly present to the senses. In this spirit, he tried to show that even the concepts of formal logic are ultimately empirical though the experience that supplies them may be introspective instead of sensory.Doctrines developed through the collaboration of Russell and Wittgenstein yielded the Logical Positivism of the German philosopher Rudolf Carnap (18911970) and of the Vienna Circle, a discussion group in which that philosophy was worked out. The Empiricism of Logical Po sitivism is especially evident in its restatement of the fundamental thesis of Humes philosophy in a form known as the verification principle, which recognizes as meaningful and synthetic only those sentences that are in principle verifiable by reference to sense experience. BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF PAUL TILLICKPaul Johannes Tillich was born at Starzeddel in the province of Brandenburg, Germany, on Aug. 20, 1886. He spent his early years at Schonfliess, where his father was a Lutheran clergyman. He studied at the University of Berlin, received his doctorate from the University of Breslau in 1911, and earned his degree in theology at the University of Halle in 1912, the year he became a clergyman in the Lutheran church. During World War I Tillich served as a military chaplain. From 1919 until 1933 he taught at the universities of Berlin, Marburg, Dresden, Leipzig, and Frankfurt.His opposition to the Nazis cost him his job in 1933, and he went to the United States to run professor of philo sophical theology at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He remained there until 1955, when he became a professor at Harvard University. From 1962 until his destruction on Oct. 22, 1965, he taught at the University of Chicagos divinity school. The brilliance and complexity of Tillichs thought were expressed in his lectures, sermons, and books. The most difficult of his works is Systematic Theology, on which he began working in 1925.It was published in three volumes from 1951 to 1963. His books of sermons, beginning with The Shaking of the Foundations (1948), present his thoughts more clearly for a wider audience. Other works include The Protestant Era (1948), The Courage to Be (1952), Dynamics of Faith (1957), and The Eternal Now (1963). Like Spinoza, he was a God-intoxicated man who wanted to help his fellow human beings recapture a relevant and dynamic religious faith. EMPIRICAL ARGUMENT 1. The Existentialism of GodEmpiricists believe that experience is of primary import ance in vainglorious us knowledge of the world. Whatever we learn, according to them, we learn through perception. Knowledge without experience, with the possible exception of trivial semantic and logical truths, is impossible. A more moderate form of Empiricism is that of the substantive Empiricists, who are unconvinced by attempts that have been made to interpret formal concepts empirically and who therefore concede that formal concepts are a priori but deny that categorial concepts, such as substance, cause, and God, are a priori.In this view, formal concepts would be no longer semantical, pertaining to the relation of wrangling to things they would be, instead, merely descriptive or stringently syntactical, pertaining to the relations between ideas. On this basis God, would not be an entity alongside other entities but a art for arranging a mans factual beliefs about the world the concept God would thus play a structural and not an informative role. The Response of Tillich T illich was a central figure in the intellectual life of his time both in Germany and the United States.It is generally held that the 20th century has been marked by a widespread breakdown of traditional Christian convictions about God, morality, and the meaning of human existence in general. In assessing Tillichs role in relation to this development, some critics have regarded him as the last major spokesman for a vanishing Christian culture, a systematic thinker who sought to demonstrate the reasonableness of the Christian faith to modern skeptics. Others have viewed him as a forerunner of the contemporary cultural revolution, whose discussions of the meaning of God and faith served themselves to undermine traditional beliefs.Tillich himself believed he was a boundary man, standing between the old and the new, between a heritage imbued with a sense of the sacred and the secular orientation of the new age. He asserted that his vocation was to halfway between the concerns voiced by faith and the imperatives of a questioning reason, thus helping to heal the ruptures threatening to destroy Western civilization. He believed that from the beginning life had prepared him for such a role, and his long career as a theologian, educator, and writer was devoted to this task with single-minded energy.Theological systems, developed by Paul Tillich, were based on the concept of symbol. In it Tillich, a Rationalist asserts that there are concepts not derived from or correlated with experienceable features of the world, such as cause, identity, or holy circle, and that these concepts are a priori (Latin from the former) in the traditional sense of being part of the minds innate or natural equipmentas opposed to being a posteriori (Latin from the latter), or grounded in the experience of facts.On the other hand, a Rationalist theory of knowledge holds that there are beliefs that are a priori (i. e. , that consider for their justification upon thought alone), such as the bel ief that everything must have a sufficient reason or that a process cannot exist by itself but must occur within some substance. Such beliefs can arise either from intellectual intuition, the direct apprehension of self-evident truth, or from purely deductive reasoning.His Protestant Principle Apparently developed from the insight he had gained at Halle as a norm in analyses of religion and culture, the meaning of history, and contemporary social problems. Tillichs love of freedom, however, did not make him forget his boyhood commitment to a rich and satisfying religious tradition and how to enjoy the freedom to explore life without sacrificing the essentials of a meaningful tradition became his early and lifelong preoccupation.It appears as a major theme in his theological work the relation of heteronomy to self-direction and their possible synthesis in theonomy. Heteronomy (alien rule) is the cultural and spiritual condition when traditional norms and values become rigid, externa l demands threatening to destroy individual freedom. Autonomy (self-rule) is the inevitable and justified revolt against such oppression, which nevertheless entails the temptation to reject all norms and values.Theonomy (divine rule) envisions a situation in which norms and values express the convictions and commitments of free individuals in a free society. These three conditions Tillich saw as the basic dynamisms of both personal and social life. In his search for solution concerning the meaning of human existence, Tillich, using his most widely read books, The Courage to Be and Dynamics of Faith, argued that the deepest concern of humans drives them into confrontation with a reality that transcends their own finite existence.Tillichs discussion of the human situation in these books shows a profound grasp of the problems brought to light by modern psychoanalysis and existentialist philosophy. The publication of his Systematic Theology made usable the results of a lifetime of thou ght. The most novel feature of this work is its method of correlation, which makes theology a dialogue relating questions asked by mans probing reason to answers given in revelatory experience and received in faiththeonomys answers to autonomys questions.The dialogue of Systematic Theology is in tailfin parts, each an intrinsic element in the system as a whole questions about the powers and limits of mans reason prepare him for answers given in revelation questions about the nature of being lead to answers revealing God as the ground of being questions about the meaning of existence are answered by the New Being made manifest in Jesus Christ questions about the ambiguities of human experience point to answers revealing the presence of the Holy step in the life process and questions about human destiny and the meaning of history find their answers in the vision of the Kingdom of God.The Being of God According to Leonard F. Wheat, the statements of Paul Tillich such as God does not exist. He is being-itself beyond essence and existence. Therefore to argue that God exists is to deny him, God is the symbol for God and The God of theism is dead seem to represent him as an atheistic theologian as some critics put it, but a closer look at Tillichs position makes him appear less controversial. He argued that Tillichs oft-repeated assertion that God is not a being, but being-itself. is the only possible definition of God because all other options turn God into a Supreme Being that is something less than God. If God is not being-itself, he is, in fact, in as much custody as the old Greek gods were in bondage to fate a King indeed but only a puppet-king. Thus, his motivation for defining God as being-itself is to protect the transcendence of God from idolatrous misconceptions, not to cover his atheism with silly word tricks. Much the same goes for his talk of symbols.Tillichs remark that God is the symbol for God lead many to conclude that he regarded God as merely symbolic (i.e. , not real), says Wheat. However, Tillich was simply conveying the fact that human language can never fully grasp the ineffable glory of God, since our superlatives become diminutives when applied to God. However, Tillich argued that language is capable of pointing to the reality God in a symbolic fashion, although it is never identical with that reality. Thus, symbols are truly glorious things, because they allow us to describe the indescribable, opening up levels of reality that are closed to literal language.With this in mind, his talk of the God above the God of theism makes more sense. The God of theism is the symbolically-conceived God that is forever transcended by the True God. Far from being a nonsensical phrase designed to trick people into believing, this is Tillichs way of affirming both the validity of theological speech and the complete otherness of God. Thus, while the form of Tillichs doctrine of God is certainly unconventional, I think its substance l ies comfortably within the Christian tradition. REFERENCES Andrew M.Colman Oxford Dictionary of Psychology, Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. Bacon, Francis, Viscount Saint Baron of Verulam The Nature of Things. Anthony M. Quinton, University of Oxford, 1950 David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, (1739) in Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encoyclopaedia Britannica school-age child and Home Edition. Chicago Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. Immanuel Kant Critique of Pure Reason, in Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. John Locke An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, vol.2 Oxford University, England 1690 John Scott Gordon Marsall Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, Oxford University Press, New York, 2005. John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, (1843) in Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. Radical Emp iricism Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. W. H. Walsh, Reason and Experience (1947) and H. H. Price, Thinking and Experience, 2nd ed. (1969) in Encyclop?dia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. Internet Sources Empiricism retrieved from http//www. theoryofknowledge. info/sources-of-knowledge/ empiricism/http//www2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/philosophy/people/faculty/longworth/keyideasrationalismempiricism. pdf Catholic Encyclopedia Empiricism. Retrieved from http//www. newadvent. org/advert/99001 f. htm Leonard F. Whea (March 09, 2006) Was Paul Tillich an Atheist? retrieved from http//woauthority. blogspot. com/2006/03/was-paul-tillich-atheist. html on 24/10/2012.